稀土叶面肥对荔枝光合作用和成花坐果的影响  

Effects of foliar rare earth fertilizer on photosynthesis,flowering and fruiting in Litchi chinensis

作　　者：任盼盼 马小沙 韦帮稳 王惠聪[1] REN Panpan;MAXiaosha;WEI Bangwen;WANG Huicong(Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops(South China),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center,College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部华南地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室·华南农业大学园艺学院广东省荔枝工程中心,广州510640

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第9期1540-1549,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系项目(CARS-32);广州市科技计划项目(201804020063)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究稀土元素叶面肥对荔枝的光合作用、成花、坐果和果实品质等方面的影响。【方法】以桂味、糯米糍和井岗红糯荔枝为材料,在花期、果实发育期和秋梢老熟期叶面喷施稀土元素,测定光合作用参数、光合相关酶活性,并进行坐果和果实品质分析。【结果】稀土元素叶面肥处理可显著提升荔枝叶片的净光合速率,特别是对老叶的作用更明显,提升的幅度为10%~20%;稀土元素处理对荔枝叶片的叶绿素水平和光合作用关键酶的活性均无显著的影响,但明显增加了气孔导度,说明稀土元素提高净光合速率的途径主要是增加气孔导度。成花和坐果是决定荔枝产量和经济效益的瓶颈问题,冬季进行2次的叶面肥处理在显著提升光合作用的同时,极显著提高了成花枝率,提升幅度达50%;在雄花开放和花后2周叶面喷施则可显著提高坐果率,增加产量,增产幅度接近60%,显著增加经济效益。【结论】稀土元素可以提高荔枝叶片的净光合速率,进而提高荔枝的成花枝率和坐果率,显著提高产量和经济效益。【Objective】In this experiment,the effects of foliar rare earth fertilizer on the photosynthesis,flowering,fruit setting and fruit quality of litchi were studied to provide references for increasing efficiency in litchi industry.【Methods】Guiwei and Nuomici litchi trees grown in the orchard of South China Agricultural University were selected as test materials.The flowering rate in 2019 was extremely low due to the warm winter in 2018.The unfruiting Guiwei and Nuomici trees were sprayed with rare earth fertilizer on 29 thApril.Two weeks after the treatment,the photosynthetic parameters were analyzed,and the activities of key photosynthetic enzymes were determined.Single tree was used as one replicate and 5 biological replicates were set up.In late October of 2019,another Nuomici and Guiwei trees with relatively consistent tree vigor and development state were sprayed with rare earth fertilizer,and leaf photosynthetic parameters were measured at two weeks after spraying.Rare earth element was sprayed again after photosynthesis measurement,and the flowering rate was investigated in April,2020.Single tree was used as one replicate and 8 biological replicates were set up by using random block design.Jingganghongnuo was selected to investigate the effects of rare earth element on the fruit set and fruit quality of litchi.Rare earth fertilizer was sprayed twice at male flowering and two weeks after anthesis around mid-March and early April in 2020,respectively.Eight trees of each treatment and thirty clusters from each tree were analyzed.The clusters were used to investigate the fruit retention rate.The yield was calculated,and fruits were harvested to determine the fruit quality at maturity.Li6400 portable photosynthesis meter(Li-Cor,USA)was used to measure leaf photosynthetic parameters.Sixteen mature shoots with similar growth status were randomly selected from different directions of the canopy.In the summer of 2019,the photosynthesis of autumn shoots of last year and spring shoots of current year were determ

关 键 词：荔枝 稀土元素 光合作用 成花 坐果 产量 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]