铝土矿中伴生三稀元素研究进展  

Research progress on the associated rare earth,rare metal,and rare dispersed elements in the bauxite deposit

作　　者：叶彤 谷静[2] 王甘露[1] 黄智龙[2] YE Tong;GU Jing;WANG Gan-lu;HUANG Zhi-long(College of Resource and Environment,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Stake Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550081,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]中国科学院地球化学研究所矿床地球化学国家重点实验室,贵州贵阳550081

出　　处：《矿物学报》2021年第4期391-399,共9页Acta Mineralogica Sinica

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑项目(编号:黔科合支撑[2019]2859号);矿床地球化学国家重点实验室领域前沿项目(编号:SKLODG-2018-01)。

摘　　要：近年来国内外铝土矿中伴生三稀元素的研究表明,众多铝土矿及赤泥中的三稀元素具有巨大的综合利用潜力,部分矿床甚至已到达了工业生产的要求。三稀元素通常以类质同相形式进入矿物晶格和离子态吸附于矿物表面两种形式产出,但在很多铝土矿中均发现有少量稀土独立矿物的存在。影响铝土矿床中三稀元素富集因素复杂,包括成矿原岩、pH值、氧化还原环境和赋存矿物等。目前,电解铝的尾矿-赤泥中三稀元素的回收工艺也日渐成熟,酸浸-萃取(离子交换)是主要提取方法。由于铝土矿中矿物组成细小且复杂,其中三稀元素种类众多,含量相对较低,因此,未来分辨率和精度更高的显微测试技术的应用将推动三稀元素在铝土矿分布、赋存形式和富集机理研究深入。The researches on the rare earth,rare metal,and rare dispersed elements(RRR elements)in bauxite deposits at home and abroad in recent years show that the RRR elements in many bauxites and red muds have great potential value for comprehensive utilization.The RRR elements in some deposits have even reached the requirements for industrial exploitation.The RRR elements occurred usually in the forms of isomorphism entering into the mineral lattice and ionic adsorption on the mineral surface,but a small amount of independent rare earth minerals have been found in many bauxite ores.The factors affecting the enrichment of RRR elements in bauxite deposits are complex.They include metallogenic protolith,pH value,REDOX environment and RRR elements-bearing minerals.At present,the recycling process of RRR elements from the red mud of electrolytic aluminum tailings is becoming more and more mature,with the main extraction method of acid leaching and extraction(ion exchange).Because the mineral components of bauxite are small sized and complex ones and contain many kinds of RRR elements with relatively low contents,so the application of relatively high resolution and accuracy microscopic testing technology in the future will further promote the in-depth study on the distribution,occurrence form and enrichment mechanism of RRR elements in bauxite.

关 键 词：铝土矿 伴生三稀元素 赋存状态 富集机理 

分 类 号：P579[天文地球—矿物学] P595[天文地球—地质学]