论明清时期榆林城市的空间形态演变——以方志城图为中心  

The Evolution of Yulin City Spatial Configurations in Ming and Qing Dynasties:A Case Based on the City Maps in Local Records

作　　者：代剑磊 Dai Jianlei

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《中国地方志》2021年第4期68-84,127,共18页China Local Records

摘　　要：明清方志中榆林城图形态表达可分3种:矩形、复合形、凸形,体现榆城发展的3个阶段。矩形在明、清《陕西通志》中常见,形成时间约在正统、成化时期。方志编纂体例使城图准确性有所降低,无法与成书时间形成统一的时空关系。复合形是一个动态发展的过程,经余子俊、黄绂、熊绣三拓子城,邓璋修外城、王遴筑逻城后形成的城市形态,仅见于万历《延绥镇志》。子城与逻城相连,与外城分离,明后期方志城图皆不绘外城。清初,受风沙与军事影响,逻城、外城逐渐残损,城图表达中都不再出现,仅剩子城的"凸"状形态。同治初年,北墙内缩,形成"Z"字状的墙垣,但整体上还是以"凸"形为主。方志城图是研究城市形态发展的重要史料资源,不仅有助于厘清不同时期城市形态的演变过程,而且可分析方志编纂与地图史之间的内在关系。Three configurations of Yulin are found in the city maps in Ming and Qing dynasty local records,i. e. rectangle,composite,and convexity,representing three stages in the city’s development. Rectangle city configurations were common in Ming and Qing Shaanxi General Records,formed from the Zhengtong period( 1436-1449) to the Chenghua period( 1465-1487). Styles of local records compilation impaired the precision of the city maps,making it impossible for them to correspond with the local records in spatial-temporal sequence. The composite configurations were a process of dynamic development. The city configuration came into being after successive efforts: firstly,the subsidiary cities were expanded three times in the charge of Yu Zijun,Huang Fu,and Xiong Xiu respectively;secondly,an outer city was built under Deng Zhang’s command;thirdly,a patrol city was constructed during Wang Lin ’s tenure. The latter two efforts are recorded solely in the Wanli period Yansui Town Records. The subsidiary cities were connected with the patrol city,but separated from the outer city. The outer city was not shown in city maps in late Ming period local records. In early Qing Dynasty,sandstorms and military affairs gradually damaged the patrol city and the outer city,and they no longer appeared in city maps,leaving only the convex configuration of the subsidiary cities. In the early years of the Tongzhi period( 1862-1875),the northern city wall was moved back,forming a"Z"shape,but more or less kept the convexity as its major shape. City maps in local records are important historical data sources. They can not only help clarify the evolution process of city configurations in different periods,but also contribute to analysis of the relationship between local records compilation and the history of maps.

关 键 词：榆林 城市形态 城市图 方志 

分 类 号：TU984.2[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] K29[历史地理—历史学] K248[历史地理—中国史]