从单一公有制到公有制为主体的混合所有制——中国共产党对生产资料所有制形式和结构的百年探索与实践  

From Single Public Ownership to Mixed Ownership with Public Ownership as the Main Body——Exploration and Practice of the Form and Structure of the Ownership of Means of Production by the Communist Party of China for 100 Years

作　　者：方福前[1] FANG Fu-qian(School of Economics,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2021年第8期5-19,共15页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国经济自发展能力研究”(批准号15ZDB133);国家社会科学基金重大研究专项“新时代中国特色经济学基本理论问题研究”(批准号18VXK002)。

摘　　要：中国共产党的百年历程也是对生产资料所有制形式和结构不断探索与实践的过程。中国共产党建党之初的设想是国民革命胜利后建立单一的公有制。在战争年代,由于根据地和解放区主要在农村,我们党对所有制结构的探索与实践主要集中在土地问题上。新中国成立后的"一化三改造"建立了社会主义基本经济制度,其主要特征是单一的生产资料公有制和高度集中的计划经济。改革开放后,我们党对所有制形式和结构进行了大胆探索和大刀阔斧改革,通过引进外资和发展个体经济、私营经济,逐步形成了公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共存和发展的所有制格局。进入新时代,我们党对中国特色社会主义基本经济制度进行了新的概括,建立了公有制为主体的两个层次的混合所有制结构。这种公有制为主体的混合所有制的探索和成长过程正是改革开放以来中国经济活力和发展动力不断增强的过程。The centennial course of the Communist Party of China(CPC)is also a process of continuous exploration and practice on the form and structure of ownership of means of production.At the beginning of the founding of the CPC,the idea was to establish a single public ownership after the victory of the national revolution.In the war years,as the base areas and liberated areas were mainly in rural areas in China,the CPC’s exploration and practice of the ownership structure mainly focused on the land issue.After the founding of new China,the basic socialist economic system was established by"one reform and three transformations",which is characterized by a single public ownership of means of production and a highly centralized planned economy.After the reform and opening up,the CPC has carried out bold exploration and drastic reform on the form and structure of the ownership.Through the introduction of foreign capital and the development of individual economy and private economy,we have gradually formed an ownership pattern with public ownership as the main body and multiple ownership economies coexisting and developing.In the new era,the CPC has made a new generalization of the basic economic system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and established a two-level mixed ownership structure with public ownership as the main body.The exploration and growth process of mixed ownership with public ownership as the main body is the process of China’s economic vitality and driving power increasing since the reform and opening up.

关 键 词：所有制结构 单一公有制 混合所有制 探索 实践 

分 类 号：F120[经济管理—世界经济]