相干态的海森堡不确定关系验证实验  

Heisenberg uncertainty relation verification experiment for coherent states

作　　者：蒋佳彤 陈煜[1] 陈鑫[1] 吴媛[1] 尹亚玲[1] 陈丽清[1] JIANG Jia-tong;CHEN Yu;CHEN Xin;WU Yuan;YIN Ya-ling;CHEN Li-qing(Central Laboratory for Physics,School of Physics and Electronic Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学物理与电子科学学院物理实验教学中心,上海200241

出　　处：《物理实验》2021年第9期18-22,共5页Physics Experimentation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.11874152);上海市教育委员会科研创新计划重大项目(No.2021-01-07-00-08-E00099);上海市科技英才杨帆计划资助(No.19YF1414300)。

摘　　要：由于量子理论和实验的微观特性,导致海森堡不确定性原理的实验验证十分困难.针对这一问题,本文从光量子化入手,介绍了量子正交算符的海森堡不确定关系,通过平衡零拍技术探测了量子正交算符的方差,验证海森堡不确定性原理.实验结果表明:光场正交算符在相干态中具有最小不确定关系.通过该实验,学生在掌握海森堡不确定性原理的同时,了解量子实验技术,为深入开展量子技术研究奠定了基础.Experimental verification of Heisenberg uncertainty principle is difficult due to the microscopic nature of quantum theory and experiments.To tackle this problem,the Heisenberg uncertainty relation of quantum orthogonal operators from the light quantization was proposed,and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle was verified by detecting the variance of quantum orthogonal operators with the balanced zero-beat technique.The experiment results showed that the orthogonal operators of light field had minimum uncertainty relation in coherent states.Through this experiment,the students could intuitively understand Heisenberg uncertainty principle and master quantum experimental techniques,which could lay a foundation for further research on quantum technology.

关 键 词：量子力学 海森堡不确定关系 正交算符 相干态 平衡零拍探测 

分 类 号：O413.1[理学—理论物理]