嫦娥五号任务月地转移轨道设计与实践  

Lunar trans-Earth trajectory design and practice for the Chang’e-5mission

作　　者：孟占峰[1] 高珊[1] 彭兢[1] MENG ZhanFeng;GAO Shan;PENG Jing(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2021年第8期859-872,共14页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家中长期科技发展规划重大专项工程资助项目。

摘　　要：嫦娥五号任务是中国首个无人月球采样返回任务,月地返回飞行是该任务相比以往中国探月任务的全新环节,飞行任务与轨道设计面临着全新的挑战.受运载发射重量和国内着陆点高纬度等限制,嫦娥五号探测器采用了月球轨道交会对接后等待能量最优时机返回并以半弹道跳跃方式再入地球的飞行方案.这与前期美国Apollo载人登月任务和苏联Luna无人采样返回任务方案有很大不同.本文以嫦娥五号实际工程任务为背景,系统地介绍了嫦娥五号任务月地转移飞行任务和轨道设计的约束、模型、算法及实际工程实施考虑.针对现有算法在嫦娥五号任务中应用的不足,提出了一种新的解析月地入射制导策略,该策略可以求得从环月椭圆轨道出发的最优入射脉冲并精确瞄准再入点参数.设计了带分离扰动补偿的全目标瞄准月地返回中途修正制导策略,既保证了再入点参数的高精度瞄准又实现了再入点误差的快速收敛.嫦娥五号在轨飞行结果表明,所设计的月地转移轨道以及相应的制导策略满足工程实施要求,再入点参数达到了非常高的控制精度,飞行任务取得了圆满的成功.The Chang’e-5 mission is the first automatic robot Lunar sampling return mission in China. Compared with the previous Chinese Lunar exploration missions, the Lunar trans-Earth flight is a new phase and facing many challenges. Limited by the capability of launch vehicle and the high latitude of the domestic touchdown region, the flight scheme adopted in the Chang’e-5 spacecraft is quite the different from those of American Apollo mission and Soviet Union’s Luna mission. The Lunar trans-Earth scheme of Chang’e-5 mission is to escape Lunar orbit using the optimal injection time and return to the Earth with skip-entry. The design constraints,models, algorithms and practical engineering considerations of the Lunar trans-Earth trajectory design of the Chang’e-5 mission are systematically introduced in this paper. A novel optimal trans-Earth injection(TEI) guidance algorithm, which can obtain the optimal escape impulsive and accurately target the entry interface(EI) from elliptical Lunar parking orbit, is proposed. The all-target aiming guidance algorithm with separation disturbance compensation is desinged to improve the accuracy and rapidity of convergence. The results of Chang’e-5 on-orbit flight show that the Lunar trans-Earth trajectory design and corresponding guidance algorithm can acheive the mission requirements. Besides, the aiming accuracy of entry corridor is very high.

关 键 词：嫦娥五号 月地返回 月地转移入射 中途修正策略 再入点 

分 类 号：V476.3[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] V412.41