碳化物陶瓷材料在核反应堆领域应用现状  

Applications of carbide ceramics in nuclear reactors

作　　者：程心雨 刘荣正[1] 刘马林[1] 邵友林[1] 刘兵[1] Xinyu Cheng;Rongzheng Liu;Malin Liu;Youlin Shao;Bing Liu(Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《科学通报》2021年第24期3154-3170,共17页Chinese Science Bulletin

摘　　要：核能系统兼具高温、高压、高辐射、高腐蚀等特性,严苛的服役环境对核用材料提出了极高的要求,相关材料的研发是其走向应用的重大挑战.相较于传统核用材料,碳化物陶瓷材料具有更好的高温辐照性能和更优异的综合热物理性能,其制备和应用成为新的研究热点.本文综述了碳化物陶瓷材料在新一代核能系统中的应用现状,重点阐述了核用碳化物陶瓷材料的应用领域、基本性能、制备方法和辐照性能,并展望了碳化物陶瓷材料在新一代核能系统中的应用前景和发展方向.After the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan, the safety requirements of nuclear energy systems are constantly increasing.A series of new nuclear energy systems are under development, such as very high-temperature gas-cooled reactor(VHTR),lead-cooled fast reactor(LFR), gas-cooled fast reactor(GFR) and so on. In order to achieve the goals of higher safety, these nuclear systems have put forward higher requirements for nuclear materials. For example, materials working in VHTR and GFR are supposed to withstand higher temperatures, and LFR requires materials to be more corrosion-resistant. Nuclear materials have to meet these requirements under normal operating conditions, as well as in incidental and accidental conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the existing material system and develop new high-performance materials to meet the future development needs of advanced nuclear power systems.Compared with traditional nuclear materials, carbide ceramics have better mechanical properties under elevated temperatures, stronger irradiation resistance and better comprehensive thermophysical properties. Up to now, great breakthroughs have been made in the research of carbide ceramic materials and some key materials are going to be used in the new-generation nuclear systems. For example, uranium carbide(UC) is gradually replacing traditional uranium dioxide(UO2), and silicon carbide(Si C) is acting as the main fission product barrier layer of coated fuel particles in HTGR. Other new carbide materials such as zirconium carbide(Zr C) and MAX phase carbide materials are also becoming a new research hotspot in the field of nuclear materials.Compared with other ceramic materials, the fabrication especially its densification of carbide is generally more difficult.In addition, high purity and good neutron properties are also the basic requirements of carbide ceramic materials for nuclear energy. The vapor deposition process and powder metallurgy process have been used to fabricate carbide ceramics for different componen

关 键 词：碳化物陶瓷 新一代核能系统 制备方法 辐照性能 

分 类 号：TL34[核科学技术—核技术及应用] TQ174.758.12[化学工程—陶瓷工业]