引黄畦灌土壤水分变化特征及作物耗水规律研究  

Study on the Characteristics of Soil Moisture Change and Crop Water Consumption Law of Border Irrigation from the Yellow River

作　　者：孙耀民 王勇[2] 周宇伟 胡雅琪 赵永安 SUN Yao-min;WANG Yong;ZHOU Yu-wei;HU Ya-qi;ZHAO Yong-an(Yuncheng Zun Village Water Diversion Irrigation Service Center,Yuncheng 044000,Shanxi,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030002,China)

机构地区：[1]运城市尊村引黄灌溉服务中心,山西运城044000 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100048 [3]太原理工大学,太原030002

出　　处：《水利科技与经济》2021年第9期22-27,33,共7页Water Conservancy Science and Technology and Economy

基　　金：引黄提水灌区渠道防淤调控技术试验研究(2021SX007)。

摘　　要：针对引黄灌区农业发展面临的可用水量不断减少、面源污染严重、灌溉水利用效率低下、土地退化等突出问题,采用当地调查、田间试验相结合的方法,对引黄畦灌土壤水分变化特征及作物耗水规律进行研究。结果表明:①在所监测的100 cm土层内,土壤的体积含水率主要在0.08~0.30之间,0~40 cm各监测点土壤体积含水率随时间变化趋势基本一致,40 cm以下的土层土壤体积含水率随时间变化不大,从畦首到畦尾各观测点各同层土壤的体积含水率趋势相同,基本稳定在0.25;②在畦长方向所布置的6个观测点的腾发量随时间的变化趋势上具有一致性,比较冬小麦腾发量与变异系数随时变化的关系图可知,腾发量与变异系数存在相反的变化趋势;③冬小麦拔节-抽穗期和抽穗-灌浆期的作物生长系数大于1,为1.17和1.14,在这两个生育期内冬小麦蒸腾量大于参考作物腾发量。In view of the continuous reduction of available water,serious non-point source pollution,low irrigation water use efficiency,and land degradation in the agricultural development of the Yellow River irrigation area,a combination of local surveys and field trials was used to measure soil moisture changes in the Yellow River irrigation area.The characteristics and the law of crop water consumption were studied.The results show that①Within the monitored soil layer of 100cm,the volumetric water content of the soil is mainly between 0.08~0.30,and the change trend of the soil volumetric water content of each monitoring point of 0~40 cm is basically the same over time.The soil layer below 40 cm,the volumetric water content does not change much with time,and the trend of the volumetric water content of the same layer of soil from the head to the tail of the border is the same,basically stable at 0.25.②The evapotranspiration of the 6 observation points arranged in the direction of the border,the variation trend of evapotranspiration over time is consistent.Comparing the relationship diagram between evapotranspiration and variation coefficient of winter wheat,it can be seen that evapotranspiration and variation coefficient have opposite trends.③Winter wheat jointing-heading stage and heading-filling stage,the crop growth coefficient of is greater than 1,which is 1.17 and 1.14.During these two growth periods,the evapotranspiration of winter wheat is greater than the evapotranspiration of the reference crop.

关 键 词：水源 冬小麦 畦灌 土壤水分 耗水规律 引黄灌区 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学]