乐山地区竹燕窝不同发育时期的细胞学研究  

Cytological Study of Different Developmental Stage Bamboo’s Bird Nest in Leshan

作　　者：禹小波 钟胜男 胡烨 农向[1,2] YU Xiaobo;ZHONG Shengnan;HU Ye;NONG Xiang(Bamboo Diseases and Pestscontrol and Resources Opment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(Leshan Normal University),Leshan Sichuan 614000,China;College of Life Science,Leshan Normal University,Leshan Sichuan 614004,China)

机构地区：[1]竹类病虫防控与资源开发四川省重点实验室(乐山师范学院),四川乐山614000 [2]乐山师范学院生命科学学院,四川乐山614000

出　　处：《乐山师范学院学报》2021年第8期20-23,57,共5页Journal of Leshan Normal University

摘　　要：海绵胶煤炱菌(Scorias spongiosa),俗名竹燕窝,是一种高档的可食用真菌。竹燕窝的形成与竹子、居竹伪角蚜有关,形成复杂的竹-蚜-菌共生关系,因而具有较高的理论研究意义和应用研究前景。文章通过对乐山地区的野生竹燕窝进行采集和菌种分离,获得了竹燕窝的分生孢子纯培养菌种。在PDA培养基上对竹燕窝进行培养观察,明确了其整个生活史阶段,即分生孢子-菌丝体-胶状子实体-分生孢子器-分生孢子。在PDA培养基上,分生孢子体积膨大数倍,之后分裂形成菌丝体;菌丝体生长到一定阶段后,菌丝体中央的细胞会以螺旋盘绕的方式进行生长并分化产生子实体原基,最终形成胶质的子实体;子实体的部分菌丝进一步分化形成束状菌丝,并最终分化产生分生孢子器。分生孢子器底部呈半椭球形,负责产生分生孢子;分生孢子器中部为分生孢子梗,其作用为运输分生孢子;顶端具开孔,用于释放分生孢子,形成分生孢子球。Scorias spongiosa,also known as Bamboo′s Bird Nest,is a valuable edible fungus.Growth of Bamboo’s Bird Nest is related with bamboo and a bamboo aphid named as Pseudoregma bambusicola,which forms a complex bamboo-aphid-fungus symbiotic relationship.This relationship has an important meaning for both theoretical research and application research.By collecting and dissecting Bamboo’s Bird Nest in Leshan,we obtained pure Scorias spongiosa conidium.Microscopic observing on PDA culture medium shows that the life cycle of Scorias spongiosa is conidium-mycelium-colloid fruiting body-pycnidium-conidium.The volume of conidium increases several times and then divides into hypha on PDA medium.After a period of mycelium growth,cells of mycelium center grow in a manner of spiral helix and differentiate into the primordium of fruiting body,which finally form colloid fruiting body.Part of mycelium in fruiting body will differentiate into fascicular hypha,which finally forms pycnidium.The bottom of pycnidium is half ellipsoidal shape and is able to produce conidia,the middle of pycnidium is a long conidiophore,which functions as transporting conidia,and the top of pycnidium has an open pore,which functions as releasing conidia and forming conidia sphere.

关 键 词：海绵胶煤炱菌 竹燕窝 生活史 细胞生物学 

分 类 号：TS219[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]