基于预防老年人跌倒的防护鞋设计  

Research on Design of Protective Shoes for Preventing the Elderly from Falling

作　　者：郑之钦 宋雅伟 潘涛 吴梦涵 ZHENG Zhiqin;SONG Yawei;PAN Tao;WU Menghan(Graduate Faculty of Nanjing Sport Institute,Nanjing 210014,China;Academy of Competitive Sports,Nanjing Sport Institute,Nanjing 210014,China;Nanjing Sport Institute,Nangjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]南京体育学院研究生部,江苏南京210014 [2]南京体育学院竞技体育研究院,江苏南京210014 [3]南京体育学院,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《体育科研》2021年第5期49-54,69,共7页Sport Science Research

基　　金：江苏省高校自然科学研究重大项目(16KJA310004);江苏省研究生科研创新计划(KYCX-1738)。

摘　　要：从老年人跌倒事件、老年人跌倒的生物力学和老年鞋的止滑性能3个研究方面的成果和进展进行概述,跌倒的原因主要是老年人平衡能力随年龄增大而下降,本体感受器发生改变和肌肉、足底脂肪垫萎缩,使老年人行走时整足接触阶段、离地阶段过长,前脚掌处压力中心密集,产生了长期大负荷刺激,导致足部疲劳,使得老年人跌倒的风险增大。而合理舒适的鞋底可有效缓解疲劳,进而降低跌倒风险。为有效降低老年人跌倒风险,促进老年健康的发展,有关部门须根据影响老年人跌倒的因素,发布相关老年防滑指南,呼吁老年人适当进行有氧运动,辅之以规律性的抗阻训练。在进行老年鞋设计时要充分考虑鞋底的防滑作用,注意鞋底花纹的角度、深浅,同时,还要优化老年生活环境等来降低老年人跌倒的风险。This paper summarizes the achievements and progress in three research fields:falls of the elderly,the biomechanics of falls in the elderly and the anti-slip properties of shoes for the elderly.It is concluded that the main reasons for the falls are that the balance ability of the elderly decreases with age,the proprioceptor changes,and the muscles and plantar fat pads atrophy,to such an extent that when the elderly walks,the whole foot contact time and the ground-off time last too long,and the intensified pressure centering around the forefoot produce long-term heavy load stimulation,leading to foot fatigue and increasing the risk of falls for the elderly.The ideal and comfortable sole can effectively relieve fatigue,thereby reducing the risk of falls.In order to reduce the risk of falls for the elderly and promote the physical health of the elderly in effect,the relevant departments should release anti-slip guidelines for the elderly based on the factors leading to falls in the elderly,and call on the elderly to take appropriate aerobic exercises along with the regular resistance training.When designing shoes for the elderly,we should give full consideration to the non-slip effect of the sole,attach much importance to the angle and depth of the pattern in the sole,and optimize the life environment to reduce the risk of falls for the elderly.

关 键 词：老年人群 跌倒 鞋底材料 防滑性能 生物力学 

分 类 号：G818[文化科学—体育学]