秋耕对北疆季节性冻融期土壤热状况的影响  

Effect of Autumn Tillage on Soil Thermal Conditions During the Seasonal Freeze-thaw Period in the North Xinjiang

作　　者：孙开 王春霞[1,2] 蓝明菊[1] 梁飞[3] SUN Kai;WANG Chunxia;LAN Mingju;LIANG Fei(College of Water&Architecture Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000;Key Laboratory of Modern Water-saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production&Construction Group,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000;Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]石河子大学现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [3]新疆农垦科学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2021年第5期63-71,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0404304);国家自然科学基金项目(U1803244)。

摘　　要：为明确秋耕对季节性冻融土壤热状况的调控作用,对比分析了翻耕(FG)、免耕(MG)、垄沟(LG)、翻耕活性炭覆盖(FH)和翻耕秸秆覆盖(FJ)5种处理对土壤温度、冻融循环以及土壤温度梯度等影响的差异。结果表明:与传统FG处理相比,MG、LG、FH、FJ处理均减弱了土壤温度与气温的相关性,降低了整个冻融期土壤温度的升、降温幅度和不同冻融阶段土壤温度昼夜变化的变异性程度,维持土壤温度序列稳定的能力FJ>FH>LG>MG。FG处理最先冻结和融化,其余处理延缓土壤冻结和融化速度的效果为FJ>FH>LG>MG,且冻结速度和融化速度越小,冻融交替越频繁,冻融循环次数越大。各处理土壤温度梯度与气温均呈极显著的相关关系(P<0.01),相关性程度为FG>LG>MG>FH>FJ,与土壤贮水量均呈极显著的负相关关系(P<0.01),相关性程度为FJ>FH>LG>MG>FG,MG、LG、FH、FJ处理均加强了土壤水热资源的保持,其中翻耕秸秆覆盖和翻耕活性炭覆盖促进了深层土壤热量上移,更有利于改善季节性冻融期间土壤的水热状况,维持北疆春播土壤墒情。In order to investigate the effect of autumn tillage on the regulation of seasonal freeze-thaw soil thermal conditions,this study compared and analyzed the effects of the five treatments:Traditional tillage(FG),no-tillage(MG),ridge-furrow(LG),tillage followed by activated carbon mulching(FH),and tillage followed by straw mulching(FJ),on soil temperature,freeze-thaw cycles and soil temperature gradients.The results showed that compared with the FG,MG,LG,FH and FJ treatments all weakened the correlation between soil temperature and air temperature,reduced the dynamic magnitude of soil temperature throughout the freeze-thaw period and the degree of diurnal variability of soil temperature at different freeze-thaw stages,and maintained the stability of the soil temperature sequence as FJ>FH>LG>MG.The FG was the first to freeze and melt,and the remaining treatments delayed the effect of soil freezing and melting rate as FJ>FH>LG>MG.And the smaller the freezing and melting rates,the more frequent the freeze-thaw alternation and the greater the number of freeze-thaw cycles.The soil temperature gradient of all treatments showed a highly significant correlation with air temperature(P<0.01),and the degree of correlation was FG>LG>MG>FH>FJ.All treatments showed a highly significantly negative correlation with soil water storage(P<0.01),and the degree of correlation was FJ>FH>LG>MG>FG.MG,LG,FH,and FJ treatments all enhanced the retention of soil water and heat resources,in which FJ and FH promoted the upward movement of deep soil heat,which was more conducive to improving soil water and heat conditions during seasonal freezing and thawing and maintaining soil moisture in spring sowing in the north Xinjiang.

关 键 词：秋耕 季节性冻融期 热状况 北疆 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] TV93[农业科学—农业基础科学]