哈尼梯田对厄尔尼诺极端干旱事件的响应及其机制分析  

Response and Its Mechanism of Hani Terraces to El Nino Extreme Drought Events

作　　者：丁银平 刘志林 角媛梅[1] 胡涛 DING Yinping;LIU Zhilin;JIAO Yuanmei;HU Tao(Faculty of Geography,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500;Sichuan Langzhong Normal School,Langzhong,Sichuang 637400)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学地理学部,昆明650500 [2]四川省阆中师范学校,四川阆中637400

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2021年第5期161-171,共11页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院A类战略先导专项(XDA19090121);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0184300);国家自然科学基金项目(41761115,41271203);云南师范大学研究生科研创新重点项目(ysdyjs2019166)。

摘　　要：为探讨自然环境要素对典型干旱事件的响应与路径,以2019年厄尔尼诺极端干旱事件为背景,在气象站观测数据基础上识别出1个干旱年份(2019年)和1个正常年份(2013年),使用landsat8影像反演了哈尼梯田区2个年份的地表温度(TEM)、土壤水分(TVDI)、植被覆盖(NDVI)、地表水体(NDWI)等自然环境要素数据,进一步探讨了哈尼梯自然环境要素对极端干旱事件的响应状态、相互作用、影响路径等问题。结果表明:哈尼梯田区在极端干旱事件下气温增加了约2℃,植被指数下降了约0.04,土壤水分指数增加了约0.07,水体面积下降了40.2%;地表温度与植被覆盖、地表水体为显著负相关(p<0.05),与土壤水分为显著正相关(p<0.05);植被覆盖与土壤水分为显著负相关(p<0.05),与地表水体为显著正相关(p<0.05);土壤水分与地表水体为显著负相关(p<0.05);地表温度、土壤水分、植被覆盖、地表水体均发生了显著变化(p<0.05),且形成了正反馈路径,加剧了区域的干旱。研究结果可高效合理地预防和减缓干旱对社会和自然环境的影响具有重要科学和现实意义。Discovering the response and path of natural environmental elements to extreme drought events has important scientific and practical significance for efficiently and reasonably preventing and mitigating the impact of drought on society and the natural environment. Based on the El Nino extreme drought event in 2019, this study identified a drought year(2019) and a normal year(2013) using the weather data from meteorological station. And the landsat8 images of these two years were used to invert the natural environment factors of Hani Rice Terraces region, including surface temperature(TEM), soil moisture(TVDI), vegetation coverage(NDVI), surface water body(NDWI). Furthermore, the response status, interaction of these natural environment factors and the path to the extreme drought event are revealed. The results showed that:(1) Under the extreme drought event, the Hani Rice Terraces region temperature increased by about 2 ℃, vegetation index decreased by about 0.04, soil moisture index increased by about 0.07, water area decreased almost 40.2%.(2) The surface temperature, soil moisture, vegetation coverage, surface water changed significantly, and a positive feedback path was formed, and it helped to accelerate the regional drought.

关 键 词：厄尔尼诺 干旱 Landsat8 TVDI NDVI 地表温度 

分 类 号：P343.1[天文地球—水文科学]