大蒜化感对连作西瓜叶片膜氧化系统及土壤生物学特性影响  

Effects of Garlic Allelopathy on Leaf Membrane Oxidation System and Soil Biological Characteristics of Continuous Cropping Watermelon

作　　者：吴绍军[1] 孟佳丽[1] 沈虹 张黎杰[1] 周玲玲[1] 田福发[1] 余翔[1] WU Shao-jun;MENG Jia-li;SHEN Hong;ZHANG Li-jie;ZHOU Ling-ling;TIAN Fu-fa;YU Xiang(Suqian Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Suqian 223800,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所,江苏宿迁223800

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2021年第8期53-58,共6页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：江苏省宿迁市农业六大百亿级产业科技服务项目“迁丽系列西瓜品种及配套栽培技术示范推广”。

摘　　要：大棚西瓜由于连年种植,产生了一系列病虫害、土壤质量恶化问题,为此,研究了大蒜化感伴生对西瓜枯萎病发病率、叶片抗氧化酶、渗透调节物质、土壤生物学特性的影响,通过田间试验,以大蒜-西瓜化感伴生栽培模式为研究对象,设西瓜单作、化感大蒜(苗期伴生)-西瓜、化感大蒜(全生育期伴生)-西瓜等3个处理,化感伴生后统计枯萎病发病率,测定西瓜叶片抗氧化酶、渗透调节物质及其根际土壤酶和土壤微生物数量。结果表明:大蒜化感伴生后,西瓜枯萎病发病率比单作显著减少;西瓜叶片抗氧化酶活性增加;叶片可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白增加,脯氨酸减少;西瓜根际土壤真菌、尖孢镰刀菌数量减少,细菌和放线菌数量增加;西瓜根际土壤的多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、脲酶活性增加,蔗糖酶活性降低。由此可知,大蒜化感伴生栽培后,显著抑制了西瓜枯萎病发病率,促进了植株叶片抗氧化酶活性的提高,增加了植株叶片渗透调节物质,改善了土壤菌落平衡,增强了土壤酶活性,提高了西瓜抗性和根际土壤质量,一定程度上减轻了西瓜连作障碍,在西瓜绿色优质可持续栽培方面有一定的实践指导意义。Since watermelon in greenhouse has been planted for years,a series of diseases and insect pests and soil quality have deteriorated.Therefore,the effects of garlic allelopathy on the incidence of watermelon fusarium wilt,leaf antioxidant enzymes,osmotic adjustment substances and soil biological characteristics were studied in the paper.In this study,field experiments were adopted,and the garlic-watermelon allelopathy associated cultivation model was used as the research object.The experiment included watermelon monocropping,allelopathic garlic(associated at seedling stage)-watermelon,allelopathy garlic(associated at full growth period)-watermelon.The incidence of fusarium wilt was counted after the allelopathy was associated,and the watermelon leaf antioxidant enzymes,osmotic adjustment substances,rhizosphere soil enzymes and soil microorganisms were measured.The results showed that the incidence of watermelon fusarium wilt was significantly reduced after garlic allelopathy compared with single cropping.Watermelon leaf antioxidant enzyme activity increased.Leaf soluble sugar and soluble protein increased,and proline decreased.The number of watermelon rhizosphere soil fungus and Fusarium oxysporum bacteria decreased.The number of bacteria and actinomycetes increased.The activities of polyphenol oxidase,peroxidase and urease in watermelon rhizosphere soil increased,and the activities of invertase decreased.It can be seen that after garlic allelopathic associated cultivation,the incidence of watermelon fusarium wilt was significantly inhibited,and the antioxidant enzyme activity of plant leaves was promoted.The osmotic adjustment substances of plant leaves were increased.The soil colony balance was improved,and the soil enzyme activity was improved.The resistance of watermelon and the quality of rhizosphere soil are improved.To a certain extent,the obstacles to continuous cropping of watermelon are alleviated,and it has certain practical guiding significance in green,high-quality and sustainable watermelon cultivatio

关 键 词：连作西瓜 化感作用 膜氧化系统 土壤 生物学特性 大蒜 

分 类 号：S344.4[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]