儿童安全座椅侧面碰撞头部保护研究  

Research on Head Protection of Child on Safety Seat in Side Collision

作　　者：吕孟宽 杨欣[1] 许述财[2] 黄彬兵 李少鹏 霍鹏 边永亮 LüMengkuan;Yang Xin;Xu Shucai;Huang Binbing;Li Shaopeng;Huo Peng;Bian Yongliang(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000;Tsinghua University,State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy,Beijing 100084;Suzhou Automobile Research Institute(Xiangcheng),Tsinghua University,Suzhou 215134)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学机电工程学院,保定071000 [2]清华大学,汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室,北京100084 [3]清华大学,苏州汽车研究院(相城),苏州215134

出　　处：《汽车工程》2021年第9期1360-1366,共7页Automotive Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(951305223);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201100)资助。

摘　　要：根据欧洲儿童乘员约束系统法规(ECE R129)要求,建立台车座椅约束系统模型,施加法规中规定的速度曲线,以模拟汽车在侧面碰撞事故中后排儿童乘员的头部损伤情况。通过台车侧撞试验,验证了所建有限元仿真模型的有效性。通过压缩试验,对30倍发泡率EPP材料力学性能进行测定,确定采用包含应变率效应的MAT83材料卡片,以模拟EPP材料头枕在碰撞工况下的力学响应。以儿童乘员头部3 ms加速度和HPC作为评价指标,对比分析EPP材料和普通材料对儿童乘员头部的保护效果。结果表明:与普通材料相比,采用EPP材料后,Q3假人模型HPC降低24.9%,头部3 ms加速度降低8.1%,有效降低了汽车侧面碰撞对儿童头部的损伤。According to the requirements of European child occupant restraint system regulation(ECE R129),a sled seat restraint system model is established,with a speed curve specified in the regulation applied to simulate the head injury of child occupants on rear-row seat in a side collision accident.Through the sled test of side impact,the effectiveness of the finite element model built is verified.By compression test,the mechanical properties of expanded polypropylene(EPP)with a foaming rate of 30 times are measured and it is determine to use the material card MAT83 with strain rate effect to simulate the mechanical response of EPP headrest under collision conditions.With the 3 ms head acceleration and HPC of child occupants as evaluation indicators,the protective effects on child occupant head of EPP and ordinary materials are comparatively analyzed.The results show that compared with ordinary material,by using EPP headrest,the HPC and 3 ms head acceleration of Q3 dummy model is lowered by 24.9%and 8.1%respectively,effectively reducing the injury of child’s head in car side collision.

关 键 词：儿童安全座椅 发泡聚丙烯 侧面碰撞 头部损伤 

分 类 号：U467.14[机械工程—车辆工程]