现代标准英语中羡余否定的生成机制探源——以be surprised if…句式为例  

A Probe into the Generative Mechanism of Pleonastic Negation in Standard Modern English:A Case Study of BE-SURPRISED Sentence Pattern

作　　者：宋定宇 SONG Dingyu

机构地区：[1]遵义医科大学外国语学院 [2]华中师范大学语言与语言教育研究中心

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第5期74-82,共9页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家留学基金委“高校英语教师出国研修项目”(2016085250058)。

摘　　要：“AUXn't be surprised if+羡余否定从句(PNC)”类句式是仅有的仍在使用、母语人士感觉自然的带有羡余否定的句式。经过调查大量的真实语料,并从心理语言学的角度出发对现代标准英语各类文本中该类句式的产生机制进行剖析,发现surprised具有语义两级性,可以表示与预期相反的结果,具有隐性否定意义。surprised在所有隐性否定词中隐性否定意义最弱,因此施话人在产出主句谓词为AUXn't be surprised的假设条件句时,下意识重新分析认为需要在从句中使用否定标记not来维持其否定力,通过音调、音重的变化,将surprised的隐性否定从意义转移到句法形式上,在后接从句中通过句法标记显性化而产生羡余否定。In present-day English,the sentence pattern of“AUXn􀆳t be surprised if+pleonastically negative clause”is the only pleonastically negative sentence pattern still in use which native English speakers feel comfortable with.By probing into a substantial number of real-life linguistic data and analyzing it from a psycholinguistic perspective,it is found that“surprised”contains semantic auto-antonymy and can be used to refer to the opposite result as against expectations,hence indicating implicit negation.The negative force of“surprised”is the weakest among all the words of implicit negation.In uttering a conditional complex sentence with be-surprised as the predicate,the speaker,thinking through reanalysis that a negative marker should be used in the subordinate clause to retain the negative force,transforms semantic negation into syntactic negation by changing tones and stresses,thus realizing pleonastic negation through externalization of implicit negation with a negative syntactic marker.

关 键 词：现代标准英语 语义两极性 隐性否定 句法标记 显性化 羡余否定 

分 类 号：H314.3[语言文字—英语]