异位发酵床处理农村厕所黑水的效果研究  

Effects of ectopic microbial fermentation on the treatment of rural toilet black water

作　　者：李佳彬 李路瑶 刘雪[1] 陈卓帛 宋婷婷 朱昌雄[1] 耿兵[1] LI Jiabin;LI Luyao;LIU Xue;CHEN Zhuobo;SONG Tingting;ZHU Changxiong;GENG Bing(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2021年第9期1998-2005,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2017ZX07603-002)。

摘　　要：为了解决农村厕所黑水带来的环境污染问题,并促进其资源化利用,本研究采用异位发酵床技术处理农村厕所黑水,探究了试验过程中填料的基本参数和微生物数量的变化,并评价了发酵后填料的营养肥效。结果表明:发酵床填料温度整体呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,基本维持在40~57℃,含水量在50%~65%波动变化,pH值由7.80上升至8.46,电导率变化不明显。发酵床填料微生物以细菌为主,其分布量达到107~108 CFU·g^(-1),高出真菌和放线菌数量2~3个数量级。试验结束时,填料的种子发芽指数为118.05%,表明填料对作物无毒性;填料的TN、TP和TK含量均显著增加,而有机质和C/N显著降低(P<0.05),填料对厕所黑水的吸纳系数为2.51,总养分含量和有机质分别为5.85%和76.82%,均满足《有机肥料》(NY 525—2012)的标准。In this study,microbial ectopic fermentation technology was used to treat black water from rural toilets,and changes in basic parameters,microbial abundance,and nutrient composition were explored.The results indicated that temperature first increased and then decreased,maintained at 40~57℃,the water content was 50%~65%,the pH value increased from 7.80 to 8.46,and the conductivity did not change significantly during the fermentation of black water.Bacteria were the most abundant microbes,with a magnitude of 107~108 CFU·g^(-1),and the abundance of fungi and actinomycetes was 2~3 orders of magnitude lower than that of bacteria during ectopic fermentation.The seed germination index of the litter was 118.05%,indicating that waste litter was not toxic to crops.TN,TP,and TK increased significantly,whereas organic matter and C/N decreased significantly(P<0.05).The absorption coefficient of the litter in the black water was 2.51.At the end of the experiment,the total nutrient and organic matter content reached The Organic Fertilizer(NY 525-2012)standard,at 5.85%and 76.82%,respectively.

关 键 词：异位发酵床 农村厕所黑水 微生物 资源化处理 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]