玉米秸秆深翻还田对禾谷丝核菌生长与小麦纹枯病发生的影响  

Effect of Corn Straw Deep Tillage Returning on the Growth of Rhizoctonia Cerealis and the Occurrence of Wheat Sheath Blight

作　　者：闫翠梅 肖茜 齐永志[1,2] 甄文超 YAN Cuimei;XIAO Xi;QI Yongzhi;ZHEN Wenchao(College of Plant Protection,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001;State Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Regulation in North China,Baoding 071001;College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001;Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation in Hebei Province,Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学植物保护学院,河北保定071001 [2]省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室,河北保定071001 [3]河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071001 [4]河北省作物生长调控重点实验室,河北保定071001

出　　处：《东北农业科学》2021年第4期53-58,共6页Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300906、2018YFD0300502);河北省教育厅项目(ZD2016162)。

摘　　要：为明确秸秆深翻还田对小麦纹枯病发生的影响,采用生长速率法测定深翻与旋耕土壤浸提液处理后禾谷丝核菌生长指标的变化,通过盆栽和大田试验研究深翻对纹枯病发病率和病情指数的影响。结果表明:与旋耕相比,除望都试验基地5.0、2.5 g/mL深翻耕层土壤浸提液处理外,其他深翻耕层土壤浸提液均对禾谷丝核菌菌丝生长表现明显抑制作用,抑制率在3.84%~28.19%。1.25、0.625、0.3125 g/mL望都试验基地深翻耕层土壤浸提液处理后菌核数量降幅为16.18%~33.62%;其他深翻耕层土壤浸提液对菌核数量均无影响。深翻耕层土壤浸提液(5 g/mL除外)处理菌核鲜重与旋耕同耕层处理无显著差异。浇灌固安试验基地2.5 g/mL土壤浸提液后,深翻耕层处理纹枯病病指在18.84~28.72,显著低于旋耕同浓度处理;其他同浓度处理间纹枯病病指差异不显著。在拔节期,深翻显著降低了田间纹枯病发病率,降幅约15%,但病指未发生明显变化。In order to clarify the effect of deep tillage on the occurrence of wheat sheath blight(WSB) under the condition of corn straw returning to the field, an experiment was made by potted and field. The result showed that, compared with rotary tillage, except for at the concentration of 5.0 and 2.5 g/mL soil extracts from the deep tillage plow layers in Wangdu, the soil extracts from other deep tillage plow layers all inhibited the growth of R.cerealis mycelium obviously, with the inhibition rates from 3.84% to 28.19%. After treatment with 1.25, 0.625 and 0.3125 g/mL soil extracts from deep plow layer in Wangdu experimental base, the number of sclerotia decreased by 16.18%~33.62%.There was no significant difference on the fresh weight of sclerotia between the deep tillage(except for at the concentration of 5 g/mL) and rotary tiller at the same plowing layer. After irrigating the soil extracts from deep tillage plow layers in Gu′an at the concentration of 2.5 g/mL, the disease index of WSB was from 18.84 to 28.72, which was significantly lower than that of rotary tillage. At the Jointing stage, deep tillage could significantly reduce the WSB incidence with a decrease about 15%, but the disease index didn’t change significantly.

关 键 词：玉米秸秆还田 禾谷丝核菌 小麦纹枯病 深翻 土壤浸提液 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]