母亲外出务工对儿童早期发展的影响研究--基于养育未来随机干预调查的证据  

Maternal Absence on Early Childhood Development:Evidence from a Randomized Control Trial of Parenting the Future Program

作　　者：李珊珊[1,2] 岳爱 刘国恩 孙宇[4] Li Shanshan;Yue Ai;Gordon G.Liu;Sun Yu(National School of Development,Peking University;Center for Experimental Economics in Education,Shaanxi Normal University;Institute for Global Health and Development,Peking University;China Center for Health Economic Research,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学国家发展研究院 [2]陕西师范大学教育实验经济研究所 [3]北京大学全球健康发展研究院 [4]北京大学中国卫生经济研究中心

出　　处：《劳动经济研究》2021年第2期3-25,共23页Studies in Labor Economics

基　　金：湖畔魔豆公益基金会;国家自然科学基金青年项目(批准号:72003112);国家自然科学基金青年项目(批准号:71803108)。

摘　　要：随着经济发展和农村女性外出务工比例的增加,留守婴幼儿成为一个不容忽视的群体。本文基于2015-2019年中国秦巴山区1611名婴幼儿及其家庭构成的三期面板数据,使用个体固定效应模型,实证分析了母亲外出务工对婴幼儿认知、语言、运动和社会情感能力发展的影响,并检验了母亲外出对婴幼儿早期发展影响的作用机制。研究发现,第一,母亲外出对婴幼儿早期发展有显著的负面影响,特别是对婴幼儿的语言和社会情感发展。第二,随着婴幼儿月龄的增长,母亲外出对婴幼儿社会情感发展的负面影响增大,母亲或父亲受教育水平更高的家庭中,母亲外出对婴幼儿认知发展有正向影响。第三,母亲外出对婴幼儿发展的影响机制表现为,母亲外出家庭的养育环境更差,主要照养人的管教行为更消极,且有效陪伴婴幼儿的时间减少,对婴幼儿的发展负面影响更大。本文研究揭示,国家在现有婴幼儿政策的基础上更多关注留守婴幼儿的发展,可以更好地促进儿童早期发展。As more and more rural women migrate to urban areas for work,the mental and physical development of left-behind children has become an unignorable social issue.Based on three-wave panel data of 1611 families with infants or toddlers in the Qinba Mountains in China from 2015 to 2019,we use an individual fixed-effect model to analyze the impact of maternal migration on child development in cognition,language,motion skill,and social emotion.The findings show that maternal absence has a significantly negative effect on early childhood development,especially in language and social emotional aspects.Further,with the increase of the children’s monthly age,the negative impact of maternal migration on social emotional development is greater.However,maternal migration is positively associated with cognitive development of infants and toddlers whose parents have high education.Finally,mechanism analysis suggests that caregiver’s negative discipline behavior and reduced engagement in stimulating activities are mainly responsible for the developmental delay in left-behind children.This paper calls for more governmental attention and input to the development of left-behind children.

关 键 词：母亲外出 留守婴幼儿 婴幼儿早期发展 农村地区 

分 类 号：C913.1[经济管理]