合作社自办企业能否更好地带动农户增收?——基于纵向外部性与不完全契约理论  

Can Cooperative-owned Enterprises Help Households Increase Their Income? An Analysis Based on the Vertical Externality and Incomplete Contract Theory

作　　者：郑风田[1] 王若男 刘爽 朱佳 ZHENG Fengtian;WANG Ruonan;LIU Shuang;ZHU Jia

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2021年第8期80-102,共23页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目成果(编号:21XNH121)。

摘　　要：通过农业产业化组织促进一二三产业融合发展是实现乡村产业振兴和农民增收的重要路径。基于纵向外部性与不完全契约理论,本文分析了合作社自办企业的纵向一体化组织模式相较"公司+合作社+农户"的准一体化组织模式的制度优势及其带动农户增收的作用机理,并使用具有全国代表性的452个合作社样本的追踪调查数据进行实证检验。通过构建控制了个体和年份固定效应的PSM-DID模型,本文发现,相较"公司+合作社+农户",合作社自办企业在总体上没有显著带动农户增收。分样本回归结果表明,内部产权结构和外部政策环境对合作社自办企业的农户增收效应具有重要影响,内部成员同质、民主决策机制和税收优惠政策可以促进合作社自办企业增收效应的发挥。因此,规范合作社注册企业程序并杜绝异化合作社、完善激励及监督措施是保障合作社自办企业过程中农民增收的可行举措。Promoting the integrated development of primary,secondary and tertiary industries through agricultural industrialization organization is an important way to realize the revitalization of rural industries and the increase in farmers’income.Based on the vertical externality and incomplete contract theory,this article analyzes the institutional advantages of the vertical integrated organization model of cooperative-owned enterprises compared with the quasi-integrated organization model of"enterprise+cooperative+farmer household",and its mechanism of increasing farmer households’income.It uses a nationally representative sample of 452 cooperative tracking survey data for an empirical test.By constructing a PSM-DID model in which the fixed effects of individual and year are controlled,it finds that,compared with"enterprise+cooperative+farmer household",cooperative-owned enterprises do not significantly increase farmers’income on the whole.The results from the subsample regression show that the internal property structure and external policy environment have a significant impact on the income increasing effect of cooperativeowned enterprises,which are influenced by bounded rationality of households,principal-agent problems and external policy intervention.The homogeneity of internal members,democratic decision-making mechanism and preferential tax policies can promote the income increasing effect of cooperative-owned enterprises.Therefore,standardizing the registration procedures of enterprises,eliminating"alienated"cooperatives,improving the incentive and supervision measures are feasible ways to ensure the increase in households’income in the process of running business of cooperatives.

关 键 词：农业产业化组织 合作社自办企业 纵向外部性 不完全契约 PSM-DID 

分 类 号：F306.4[经济管理—产业经济]