海南岛甘什岭青梅群落主要乔木树种生态位与种间联结  

Niche and interspecific association of the main tree species in Vatica mangachapoi communities in Ganshiling,Hainan Island,China

作　　者：舒琪 徐瑞晶 胡璇 商泽安 漆良华 SHU Qi;XU Rui-jing;HU Xuan;SHANG Ze-an;QI Liang-hua(International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing Key Lab of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology,Beijing 100102,China;National Positioning and Monitoring Station for Ecosystem of Bamboo and Rattan Associated Forest in Sanya,Sanya 572000,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]国际竹藤中心国家林业和草原局/北京市共建竹藤科学与技术重点实验室,北京100102 [2]海南三亚竹藤伴生林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,海南三亚572000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第9期2689-2697,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国际竹藤中心基本科研业务费项目(1632017022)资助。

摘　　要：青梅(Vatica mangachapoi)是海南岛热带雨林的关键种,对海南岛甘什岭低地雨林群落的恢复与发展具有重要作用。为阐明海南岛甘什岭低地雨林青梅群落结构特征,揭示其恢复现状,本研究以海南岛甘什岭青梅群落为对象,采用生态位与种间联结理论,分析了20个主要乔木树种(重要值前20)生态位特征与种间关联性。结果表明,青梅与无翼坡垒(Hopea reticulata)生态位宽度明显大于其他物种,是海南岛甘什岭低地雨林主要建群种;主要乔木树种190组种对中仅71.05%存在生态位重叠,主要乔木树种对环境资源利用不充分,环境资源存在富余,有利于其他物种生长发育及物种多样性恢复;所有种对间无显著关联,种间竞争趋于和缓,群落处于稳定且快速恢复期;青梅在群落中环境资源利用、生长发育最优。综上,在群落发展与演替过程中,青梅能够威胁到无翼坡垒生长发育,呈现出取代无翼坡垒在群落中重要地位的趋势。而无翼坡垒是海南岛甘什岭特有物种,是群落重要组成部分。在群落恢复过程中,应适当施加人为干扰,及时保存竞争劣势物种遗传资源,保证生物多样性良性恢复。研究结果明晰了海南岛甘什岭热带低地雨林群落结构及恢复状态,为科学保护与合理利用热带雨林资源提供了理论依据。Vatica mangachapoi is a key species in the tropical rainforest of Hainan Island,playing an important role in the restoration and development of lowland rainforest in Ganshiling,Hainan Island,China.In order to elucidate the structural characteristics of Vatica mangachapoi community and reveal its restoration status,we examined the niche characteristics and interspecific association of 20 main tree species(as indicated by importance value).The results showed that the niche breadths of Vatica mangachapoi and Hopea reticulata were significantly wider than others.They were the constructive species in Ganshiling,Hainan Island.Only 71.05%of 190 pairs of main tree species had niche overlap.Their resource utilization was not adequate,which was conducive to the growth and development of other species and the restoration of species diversity.There was no significant correlation among main tree species,indicating that the interspecific competition tended to be gentle and that the community was at a stable and rapid recovery period.Resource utilization and the growth and development of Vatica mangachapoi in the community was the best.During community development and succession,Vatica mangachapoi would threaten the growth and development of H.reticulata,displaying a tendency to replace H.reticulata in the community.H.reticulata is an endemic species and also an important component in Ganshiling.To ensure the restoration of biodiversity,human disturbance should be properly applied during community restoration,and the genetic resources of species at a disadvantage in competition should be preserved in time.Our results provide theoretical basis for scientific conservation and rational utilization of tropical rainforest resources.

关 键 词：低地雨林 优势种 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 种间联结 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]