不同稻作模式下品种混作对稻纵卷叶螟发生和水稻生长的影响  

Effects of mixed cropping of rice cultivars on occurrence of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and rice growth under different rice cropping patterns

作　　者：张海维 姜硕琛 孔盼 杜斌[1] 朱建强[1] ZHANG Hai-wei;JIANG Shuo-chen;KONG Pan;DU Bin;ZHU Jian-qiang(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Engineering Research Center for Wetland Ecology and Agricultural Utilization,Ministry of Education,Jingzhou 434025,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第9期2783-2792,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：湖北省农业科技创新行动专项(2018skjcx01);2020年高等事业发展专项-高效创新改革专项(208/5020802803)资助。

摘　　要：水稻稻纵卷叶螟是我国水稻产区的主要害虫之一,生产中通常采取化学方法进行防治。然而,化学方法有残留,对环境有影响,特别是在稻虾共生模式下化学防治增加了小龙虾健康养殖的风险,因此探索利用生物多样性防治水稻病虫害十分必要。针对稻虾共生模式和传统的一季中稻模式,本研究开展了不同水稻品种混作田间试验,观察了4个品种单作(Y两优911、黄华占、美香占2号和象牙香占)和2组2个品种混作(Y两优911+美香占2号,美香占2号+象牙香占)下水稻稻纵卷叶螟发生情况,测定了水稻主要生长代谢指标。结果表明:与稻虾共生模式相比,在传统中稻模式下,水稻卷叶率增加了173.93%,水稻的株高、茎蘖数、叶面积指数(LAI)和地上部分干物重(DW)分别高5.82%、16.44%、19.51%和15.84%;叶片的蜡质含量、SPAD和净光合速率(Pn)分别高11.09%、3.36%和6.50%;有效穗和产量分别高17.58%和20.69%。与水稻单作相比,品种混作整体上降低了卷叶率,增加了茎蘖数、LAI和DW;当叶片硅含量、蜡质含量和Pn差异较大的品种混作时,混作群体数值在两个混作品种单作的数值之间,而混作群体的SPAD通常低于两个混作品种单作的数值;混作后,有效穗数和每穗粒数处于两个混作品种单作的数值之间,而结实率和千粒重无显著差异;混作对产量的影响因品种自身和环境而异。因此,可将水稻品种混作作为稻纵卷叶螟绿色防控的有效手段。Cnaphalocrocic medinalis is one of the main pests in rice producing areas in China,and chemical control is usually used in practice.Chemical residues would have environmental consequences,particularly in the rice-crayfish symbiotic mode where chemical control increases the risk of healthy crayfish farming.It is necessary to explore and utilize biodiversity to control rice diseases and insect pests.Based on the rice-crayfish symbiosis mode and the traditional oneseason medium rice mode,we conducted a field experiment of mixed cropping of different rice cultivars.During the experiment,we recorded the occurrence of Cnapalocrocis medinalis under single cropping of four rice cultivars(Y Liangyou 911,Huanghuazhan,Meixiangzhan 2 and Xiangyaxiangzhan)and mixed cropping of two rice cultivars(Y Liangyou 911+Meixiangzhan 2,Meixiangzhan 2+Xiangyaxiangzhan),and measured main indices of rice growth and metabolism.Compared with the rice-crayfish symbiotic mode,leaf rolling rate of rice was increased by 173.93%under the traditional medium rice mode.Plant height,tiller number,leaf area index(LAI),and aboveground dry matter weight(DW)were increased by 5.82%,16.44%,19.51%and 15.84%,respectively.Wax content,SPAD,and net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of leaves were increased by 11.09%,3.36%and 6.50%,respectively.Effective panicle and rice yield were increased by 17.58%and 20.69%,respectively.Compared with rice monoculture,mixed cropping decreased leaf rolling rate,and increased tiller number,LAI,and DW.In mixed cropping of two rice cultivars that have great difference in silicon content,wax content,and Pn of the leaves,the aforementioned index values of the two mixed cropping cultivars were between their monoculture,but the SPAD value was usually lower than that of their monoculture.Under mixed cropping,the effective panicle number and grain number per panicle were between those of the two mixed cropping cultivars,but seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight showed no difference.The effect of mixed cropping on yield varied with cultivar and

关 键 词：稻虾共生 品种混作 稻纵卷叶螟 卷叶率 水稻产量 

分 类 号：S435.112.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]