象山港海域不同生境细菌群落结构与多样性  

Bacterial community structure and diversity in different habitats of Xiangshan Bay

作　　者：虞嘉玥 姜亚洲[1] 孙鹏[1] 张辉[1] 凌建忠[1] YU Jia-yue;JIANG Ya-zhou;SUN Peng;ZHANG Hui;LING Jian-zhong(East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 200090,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业农村部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第9期2842-2849,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD0900804);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(2020XT10);上海市自然科学基金项目(17ZR1439500);浙江省海洋渔业资源可持续利用技术研究重点实验室开放课题资助。

摘　　要：海洋环境中微生物群落结构和多样性是海洋生态系统结构和功能评估的重要指标。为了解象山港海域浮游细菌的群落特征,比较不同生境类型中菌落组成和结构差异,进而分析不同生境水体中菌落差异的形成原因,本研究利用16S rRNA高通量测序技术评估了象山港海域的网箱养殖区、牡蛎养殖区、人工鱼礁区和天然对照区等4种生境类型中海水细菌的群落结构和多样性。结果表明:在海水样本中共检测到46个门类的细菌,其主要类群包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria,50.74%)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria,13.80%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria,13.51%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,10.02%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,9.63%);4种生境类型中,人工鱼礁区、天然对照区和牡蛎养殖区生境海水样品中的优势细菌群落组成较接近,三者与网箱养殖区菌群存在较大的差异(P<0.05);人工鱼礁区域具有较高的细菌丰度和多样性水平,而牡蛎养殖区和网箱养殖区细菌丰度和多样性较低,其中网箱养殖区最低;牡蛎养殖区海洋环境相对较稳定,微生物群落结构和多样性未发生明显的变化;人工鱼礁的投放改善了海域生态环境,有利于该海区细菌结构的多样性和稳定性,而近海海区的网箱养殖活动使细菌群落结构向多样性降低的不稳定结构变化。Microbial community structure and diversity in marine environment are important indicators for assessing structure and function of marine ecosystems.To understand the characteristics of bacterioplankton communities in Xiangshan Bay,to compare the bacterial composition and structure in different habitats,and to assess the causes of community differences in different habitats,16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing was employed to evaluate the bacterial structure and diversity in marine water samples collected from artificial reef area(AR),natural control area(NC),oyster culture area(OC),and cage culture area(CC)of Xiangshan Bay.Results showed that a total of 46 phyla were detected,including Proteobacteria(50.74%),cyanobacteria(13.80%),actinobacteria(13.51%),Firmicutes(10.02%),and Bacteroidetes(9.63%).Among all the habitat types,the dominant bacterial community composition of seawater samples from the AR,NC and OC habitat was similar,but a great difference was found between them and samples from the CC habitat(P<0.05).The abundance and diversity of bacterial community were higher in the AR habitat,but lower in the OC and CC habitat(the lowest in the CC habitat).Marine environment of the OC was relatively stable,without significant change in microbial community structure and diversity.The deployment of artificial reef improved the marine ecological environment,which was beneficial to the diversity and stability of bacterial structure in the corresponding area,while the cage culture in offshore area caused the change of bacterial community to an unstable structure with reduction in diversity.

关 键 词：细菌 群落结构 网箱养殖 人工鱼礁 

分 类 号：Q938.8[生物学—微生物学]