走向文本的历史档案数字整理:历史追溯与时代转型(上)  

Scholarly Digital Editing of Historical Archives toward Text:History Retrospect and Transformation of Times(Part 1)

作　　者：梁继红[1] LIANG Jihong(School of Information Resource Management,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学信息资源管理学院,北京100872

出　　处：《档案学通讯》2021年第5期95-103,共9页Archives Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“新发现的仙居民间历史档案整理研究与数据库建设”(20BTQ102)。

摘　　要：作为现代学科,档案学与历史学两者之间有着直接的渊源关系。现代历史学是从阅读和利用档案开始的,而历史档案整理尤其受到19世纪历史主义等史学思潮的影响,并以此为思想动力,从中发展出档案整理的经典理论,即来源原则。立足于数字人文推动下历史档案整理的时代转型,通过对历史档案整理理论和实践的追溯,尤其以德国布伦内克自由来源原则为分析重点,得出历史档案整理走向单个文本并将历史档案整理视作历史解释的理论指向,以及史学研究对历史档案文本作细化描述的利用需求。但在历史档案整理实践上,由于档案数量庞大,深入文本的理想及对文本内容的细颗粒描述,不得不因条件制约而止步。这是中外历史档案整理史上曾面临的共同困境,而必待时代孕育新的突破。Archival science and history,as two modern disciplines,are directly related from their origin.Modern history was established from the beginning of employing the archival materials,and the arrangement of historical archives was especially influenced by historicism in the 19th century.Rooted and motivated by this historiography trend,the classical theory of archival arrangement,i.e.principle of provenance,was developed.This paper is based on the transformation of times of the arrangement of historical archives,which is being promoted by digital humanities now,and explores the history process of archival practices and theories,particularly the free principle of provenance,proposed by Adolf Brenneke.The findings are that focusing on individual archival text and taking archival arrangement as historical interpretation are the theoretical directions,and a very detailed textual description of one item of historical archive is the need of usage of historian.But in the historical practice,because of the enormous quantity of the historical archives,the ideal of going deep into the text and the very detailed description was not realized exactly.It was the common predicament in Chinese and foreign history of the arrangement and description of historical archives,which must seek new breakthrough of the times.

关 键 词：历史档案 历史主义 布伦内克 自由来源原则 文本 数字人文 

分 类 号：G275.1[文化科学—档案学]