新疆农田杂草治理的主要问题及防控建议  

Main Problems of Weed Management in Xinjiang Farmland and Control Suggestions

作　　者：李广阔[1] 张航[1] 杨安沛[1] 白微微[1] 王锁牢[1] LI Guang-kuo;ZHANG Hang;YANG An-pei;BAI Wei-wei;WANG Suo-lao(Institute of Plant Protection,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Korla,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/农业农村部库尔勒作物有害生物科学观测实验站,新疆乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《杂草学报》2021年第2期1-6,共6页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(糖料)建设专项(编号:CARS-170307)。

摘　　要：新疆地处内陆,属典型的荒漠绿洲生态,各生态区杂草种群结构及危害种类差异较大,杂草的治理是农作物生产的重要环节。目前,新疆农田杂草的防控主要依靠化学药剂。随着现代化农业发展的不断推进,在杂草防控方面还存在一些问题:化学除草剂的大量施用导致杂草种群演替及抗药性风险加大、除草剂的药害问题突出、智能化和机械化的防控技术有待提升、绿色综合防控技术的研究不充分、杂草防控人才队伍不健全等。针对新疆农田杂草治理中存在的问题,建议持续开展农田杂草种群演潜动态的系统性监测;借鉴国内外的研究成果加强棉花、小麦及玉米等农田杂草的抗药性及其抗性机理的研究;推广除草剂的药害诊断及治理技术;针对不同生态区,研究提出适宜的绿色防控技术;增加不同部门的协作及基层农技人员的培训,不断增强新疆农田杂草的治理能力,以适应现代农业发展的需求。Xinjiang is located in the inland,which is a typical desert oasis ecology.Weed population structure and damaging species are quite different in each ecological region of Xinjiang,and weed management is an important part of crop production.Currently,weed control in Xinjiang mainly relies on chemical herbicides.With the development of modern agriculture,there are many concerns in relation to weed control,such as weed population succession and increasing herbicide resistance caused by the excessive application of chemical agents,prominent problems of herbicide damage,improving of intelligent and mechanized control technology,insufficient research on green comprehensive control technology and expertise of weed control teams.Considering these problems,it is suggested that a systematic monitoring of weed population dynamics should be carried out continuously.The lessons from the research results at home and abroad should be taken into account to strengthen the study of the resistance and its mechanisms on weeds in cotton,wheat and corn.Herbicide damage diagnosis and control technology should be promoted.According to different ecological areas,the appropriate green control technology should be advanced.In order to meet the needs of modern agricultural development,we should strengthen the weed control ability of Xinjiang farmland by strengthening the cooperation of different departments and the training of grass-roots agricultural technicians.

关 键 词：新疆 杂草 群落结构 抗药性 监测 防控技术 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]