难熔金属含氧酸盐短流程熔盐电解制备金属单质及合金的研究进展  

Research progress and preparation of metal element and alloy from refractory metal oxoate by short flow molten salt electrolysis

作　　者：赵国立 许莹 蔡艳青 宋潘 夏朋昭 ZHAO Guo-li;XU Ying;CAI Yan-qing;SONG Pan;XIA Peng-zhao

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学材料科学与工程学院,河北唐山063000 [2]华北理工大学冶金与能源学院,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2021年第3期53-62,共10页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(5157041303);国家自然科学基金青年基金(5180041110);河北省自然科学基金青年基金(E20717209128);河北省自然科学基金高端钢铁冶金联合基金项目“基于液态阴极熔盐电解钛酸盐制备钛合金的研究”(E2020209097)。

摘　　要：难熔金属在高精尖领域的应用越来越广泛,但其储量低且多存在于多金属伴生矿中,提取困难。目前熔盐电解制备金属及合金的工艺大多是以金属氧化物或氯化物为原料,氧化物在熔盐中溶解度小,还原动力学差;氯化物虽然溶解度较好,但其制备过程复杂,腐蚀性强,污染环境。本文提出以难熔金属含氧酸盐作为原料采用熔盐电解短流程制备金属的新过程,根据对钒酸盐、铬酸盐和钛酸盐的电化学行为进行分析,认为此工艺具有流程短、不产生有害气体、电流效率高、避免后续除杂等优点,符合短流程高效制备金属的原则。Refractory metals are more and more widely used in high-precision fields,but their reserves are low and mostly exist in polymetallic associated minerals,making it difficult to extract. At present,most of the processes for preparing metals and alloys by molten salt electrolysis are based on metal oxides or chlorides as raw materials. Oxide has low solubility in molten salt and poor reduction kinetics;although chloride has good solubility,its preparation process is complicated,corrosive,and pollute the environment. Based on the analysis of the electrochemical behavior of vanadate,chromate and titanate,this paper proposes a new process for preparing metals by using refractory metal oxoates as raw materials in molten salt electrolysis. This process has the advantages of short process flow,no harmful gas generation,high current efficiency,avoiding subsequent impurity removal,etc.,and conforms to the principle of efficient metal preparation in a short process.

关 键 词：难熔金属含氧酸盐 熔盐电解 金属氧化物 金属氯化物 钒酸盐 铬酸盐 钛酸盐 绿色冶金 

分 类 号：TF841[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]