民众对国家转型的态度--以前苏东国家为例  

The public attitudes towards national transformation--Taking the former Soviet Union and East European countries for example

作　　者：张丽思 ZHANG Lisi(School of International Economics and Relations,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学国际经济政治学院,辽宁沈阳110036

出　　处：《重庆理工大学学报（社会科学）》2021年第9期33-45,共13页Journal of Chongqing University of Technology（Social Science）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“OFDI二元边际扩张对民营企业出口贸易品技术含量的影响研究”(71903181);宁波市软科学项目“体育休闲旅游提升宁波市居民幸福感的机制及对策研究”(2017A10109)。

摘　　要：20世纪80年代末90年代初东欧剧变苏联解体,前苏东国家发生了大规模的制度变迁,迄今为止已经有30年。国家转型对人们的生活产生了重大的影响,不同国家和不同个体对转型的态度不尽相同。中东欧国家的民众对转型的支持最高,其次是波罗的海国家,最后是独联体国家,但是随着时间的推移他们的态度出现趋同。俄罗斯民众对经济转型的支持,呈现出下降的趋势。宏观经济的积极表现,在很大程度上解释了民众对转型的支持态度。个体对转型态度的差异,主要从经济利益和观念意识两个角度出发。研究发现,在转型期间获益的民众会支持转型,反之则反对转型。老年人由于经历过社会主义时期,比年轻一代更加依恋社会主义,从而会反对转型,民众的转型态度存在着代际差异。宗教也会对个人的转型态度产生影响,但是不同宗教的影响是不一致的。民众的政党隶属影响选民的政治偏好,进而影响其对转型的态度。In the late 1980s and early 1990s,the Eastern Europe had radical changes and the USSR broke up.The former Soviet Union and East European countries have undergone a large-scale institutional change,which has been 30 years so far.The transformation has a great impact on people’s lives,but the attitudes towards the transformation vary between countries and individuals.Public support for the transformation was highest in Central and Eastern Europe,followed by the Baltic States and the last is CIS countries,but they converged over time.The positive performance of macro-economic explains much of the support for the transition.The differences of individuals’attitudes towards transformation are mainly from the perspectives of economic interests and ideology.The study finds that those who benefited during the transition supported the transition,conversely against.The elderly are more attached to socialism than the younger generation because they had experienced the socialist period,so they opposed the transformation.There are generational differences in people’s attitudes towards the transformation.Religion also has an impact on personal transformation attitude,but the influences of different religions are inconsistent.The political affiliation of residents affects the political preferences of voters,which further influences their attitudes towards transformation.

关 键 词：国家转型 态度 经济利益 观念意识 

分 类 号：D569[政治法律—政治学] D521[政治法律—国际政治]