黄土高原-青藏高原过渡带人工林植被数量分类及环境解释  

Quantitative classification and environmental interpretation of afforestation in transitional zone between Loess Plateau and Qinghai Tibet Plateau

作　　者：赵嘉玮 杨海龙[1] 曲梦雨 ZHAO Jiawei;YANG Hailong;QU Mengyu(College of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2021年第9期117-126,共10页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0504600)。

摘　　要：【目的】对黄土高原-青藏高原过渡带人工林植被进行数量分类,分析群落组成特征与环境因子的关系,探明林草植被恢复过程中的环境限制因子,保证植被恢复过程中人为干预的科学性和准确性。【方法】以青海省大通县安门滩小流域人工林为研究对象,对该类型生态过渡区典型退耕人工林植物群落进行调查,采用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)对小流域内植物群落进行分类,同时使用典范对应分析(CCA)探讨植被组成特征并对相关环境因子进行排序。【结果】TWINSPAN将安门滩小流域23个样地划分为8个群丛类型,其中群丛Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ是以青海云杉+祁连圆柏+油松-早熟禾为代表的缓生针叶树种-喜阳草本群丛,群丛Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ是以青杨+华北落叶松-唐松草为代表的速生树种-耐荫草本群丛。CCA结果表明,人工林群落的组成特征与土壤全磷、含水量、速效钾以及林分郁闭度显著相关(P<0.05)。在目前造林阶段,缓生树种林下伴生草本对资源的大量占据延缓了植被恢复进程,林分生长受到氮元素的限制;速生树种的生长主要受到土壤含水量的限制。【结论】在黄土高原-青藏高原过渡带人工林生态恢复进程中,应根据植被群落的类型进行科学分类管理和持续监测,改善缓生树种的生长条件,调整速生树种的密度和林下层次结构,确立科学的造林营林模式。【Objective】To classify and sort the vegetation in the transitional zone between the loess plateau and the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.Determining the relationship between the afforestation and environmental factors and exploring limiting factors in restoration process to ensure the rationale and accuracy of human intervention.【Method】This research investigated the plant communities of typical afforestation in Anmentan small watershed of Datong County,Qinghai Province,then classified the plant communities in the small watershed by TWINSPAN method,and discussed the plant community composition characteristics and environmental limiting factors by canonical correspondence analysis(CCA).【Result】23 plots in Anmentan watershed were divided into 8 community types.Among them,community Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were slow-growing coniferous+heliophilous herb,which represented by Picea crassifolia/Sabina przewalskii/Pinus tabulaeformis+Poa pratensis,while community Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ and Ⅷ were fast-growing tree species+shade tolerant herb,which represented by Populus cathayana/Larix principis-rupprechtii-Thalictrum aquilegiifolium.CCA results showed that the composition characteristics of plantation community were highly correlated with soil total phosphorus,water content,available potassium and canopy density(P<0.05).At the current afforestation stage,the herb layer under slow-growing plantation occupied too much resources,delayed the recovery process,and the growth of stand was limited by nitrogen;the growth of fast-growing forest was mainly limited by soil water content.In the process of ecosystem restoration in the transitional zone between the Loess Plateau and the Qinghai Tibet plateau.【Conclusion】Appropriate management and continuous monitoring should be carried out according to the types of vegetation communities.Meanwhile,further afforestation strategy should improve nutrition condition of slow-growing plantation,adjust the density of fast-growing forest and the hierarchical structure of community to establish a sci

关 键 词：黄土高原-青藏高原过渡带 人工林 TWINSPAN分类 典范对应分析 环境因子 生态恢复 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]