北京平原造林工程对生态需水量的影响研究  

Impact of Plain Afforestation Project on Ecological Water Demand in Beijing

作　　者：王展鹏 柯樱海[1] 潘云[1] 李志萍[2] 孙颖[2] 张怀清[3] WANG Zhan-peng;KE Ying-hai;PAN Yun;LI Zhi-ping;SUN Ying;ZHANG Huai-qing(Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modelling/Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048;Beijing Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,Beijing 100195;Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学城市环境过程与数字模拟国家重点实验室培育基地/首都师范大学水资源安全北京实验室,北京100048 [2]北京市水文地质工程地质大队,北京100195 [3]中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《地理与地理信息科学》2021年第5期71-78,共8页Geography and Geo-Information Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42071396、41771456);北京市自然科学基金项目(5172002)。

摘　　要：水资源节约高效利用是城市经济高效发展的保障。该文基于气象、土地利用及Landsat TM/ETM+遥感数据,采用Penman-Monteith方法,考虑新造林区植被覆盖度,结合GEE云平台和GIS技术,评估2010年和2018年北京平原新造林区造林前后各植被类型的生态需水定额和需水量,并分析平原造林工程对生态需水量的影响。结果表明:退耕还林是平原造林的主要方式,约占新造林区面积的78.51%;林地各月份的需水定额低于耕地,春季尤为明显,说明植树造林极大减轻了农业灌溉用水压力;新造林区2018年最小生态需水量比2010年减少8884万m3(减少47.22%),适宜生态需水量增加4382.6万m3(增加22.34%);以2018年气象条件为基准,由土地利用变化导致的新造林区最小生态需水量减少11676.4万m3(减少54.05%),适宜生态需水量仅增加1496万m3(增加6.65%)。降水可满足林地基本生长需求,无须充分灌溉,因此北京平原区造林工程缓解了需水压力。Efficient and economical utilization of water resources is the guarantee for the efficient development of urban economy.In this study,based on meteorological,land use and Landsat TM/ETM+remote sensing data,Penman-Monteith method,Google Earth engine(GEE)cloud platform and GIS technology are used to evaluate the ecological water demand quota and water demand of various vegetation types before and after the Beijing Plain Afforestation Project(2010 and 2018)in plain afforestation area of Beijing.The influence of the plain afforestation project on ecological water demand is analyzed.It is found as follows.1)Returning farmland to forest was the main way of plain afforestation,accounting for 78.51%of the new afforestation area.2)The water demand quota of forest land in each month was lower than that of cultivated land,especially in spring,indicating that afforestation greatly reduced the pressure on agricultural irrigation.3)Compared with 2010,the minimum ecological water demand of new afforestation area in 2018 decreased by 88.84 million m3(47.22%),and the suitable ecological water demand increased by 43.826 million m3(22.34%).Using meteorological conditions in 2018 as baseline,the minimum ecological water demand of the new afforestation area caused by land use change decreased by 116.764 million m3(54.05%),and the suitable ecological water demand only increased by 14.96 million m3(6.65%).Because the forest land does not need sufficient irrigation and precipitation can basically meet the basic needs of forest growth,the afforestation project in the plain area of Beijing alleviates the pressure of water demand.

关 键 词：平原造林 土地利用 生态需水量 遥感 

分 类 号：S715.5[农业科学—林学]