风险评估行为:焦虑相关动物模型的重要评价指标  

Risk assessment:an important evaluation index in anxiety-related animal models

作　　者：郑天歌 张青杰 贾靖仪 梁建辉[1] ZHENG Tian-ge;ZHANG Qing-jie;JIA Jing-yi;LIANG Jian-hui(Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学药学院分子与细胞药理学系,北京100083

出　　处：《中国药理学与毒理学杂志》2021年第8期609-616,共8页Chinese Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81773705)。

摘　　要：风险评估(RA)是动物针对潜在威胁性刺激演化形成的一种适应性机制,能够帮助动物定位刺激来源、获得刺激相关特征并对潜在危险做出最佳的防御反应。RA过程失调和损害所致的个体表现与焦虑障碍的临床症状相似,并可能与其发病存在直接联系。抗焦虑药物能够显著降低动物模型中RA行为发生的频率,进一步揭示了RA行为与焦虑之间的关系。然而,作为一种可量化的行为学指标,RA虽比传统测量项目对抗焦虑药物检测更灵敏,却很少被采用。本文简要总结了RA行为的功能、神经生物学机制、药理学特征及其在焦虑动物行为学模型中的应用,以期为相关领域的研究提供理论依据。Risk assessment is an adaptive mechanism developed by animals in response to potentially threatening stimuli,which can help animals locate the source of stimuli,obtain stimuli-related characteristics,and make the best defense response to possible dangers.The imbalance and disfunction of risk assessment has been found to be related to syndromes similar to anxiety disorder,and may be directly connected to the onset of it.In addition,anxiolytics can significantly reduce the frequency of risk assessment behaviors in animal models,which further reveals the relationship between risk assessment and anxiety.As a quantifiable behavioral index,risk assessment is more sensitive in detection of anxiolytics than traditional evaluation indexes,but it is rarely used in related studies.This article summarizes the functions,mechanism,pharmacology and applications of risk assessment behavior in order to provide data for researches in related fields.

关 键 词：风险评估 动物行为学 焦虑 动物模型 

分 类 号：R964[医药卫生—药理学] R965.2[医药卫生—药学]