极端大暴雨对城市防洪的警示和思考  

Warning and thoughts of extreme rainstorm on urban flood prevention

作　　者：刘媛媛[1,2] 郑敬伟[1,2] 刘洪伟[3] 刘云华 刘业森 刘训平[5] 冯蒙蒙[5] 刘舒 LIU Yuanyuan;ZHENG Jingwei;LIU Hongwei;LIU Yunhua;LIU Yesen;LIU Xunping;FENG Mengmeng;LIU Shu(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038;Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038;Beijing Water Authority,Beijing 100038;Water Resources Bureau of Shenzhen,Shenzhen 518036;Shenzhen Guanghuiyuan Environment Water Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518038)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]水利部防洪抗旱减灾工程技术研究中心,北京100038 [3]北京市水务局,北京100038 [4]深圳市水务局,深圳518036 [5]深圳市广汇源环境水务有限公司,深圳518038

出　　处：《中国防汛抗旱》2021年第9期21-24,共4页China Flood & Drought Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52009147)。

摘　　要：2021年7月20日郑州发生的极端大暴雨造成了严重的洪涝灾害。为总结经验教训、分析灾害原因,将郑州暴雨过程分别移植到深圳市、北京市,利用城市洪涝仿真模型进行模拟推演。模拟分析结果认为,此次极端暴雨无论发生在深圳还是北京,都会产生严重的洪涝灾害,都有河道漫溢、严重积水的情况发生。单一地通过工程措施提高城市防洪标准的做法,可以应对标准内的降雨,但无法应对超标准的极端暴雨事件。因此,建议从流域、区域、城市层面进行城市防洪和内涝治理的联排联调,统筹管理;提前模拟不同降雨条件下尤其是超标准大暴雨的城市内涝风险,预测、评估城市承灾能力;制定、完善预警指标和防汛管理应急响应预案,提高政府综合协调能力。在暴雨到来之前,及时发布预警和提示信息,快速指导各相关部门和市民做出必要的防范措施,保障市民的生命安全,降低财产损失。On July 20,2021,extreme rainstorm occurred in Zhengzhou,resulting in serious flood disaster.In this paper,the rainstorm conditions in Zhengzhou are transplanted to Shenzhen and Beijing respectively,and the urban flood simulation model is used to simulate in order to sum up the experiences and lessons and analyze the causes of this disaster.The simulation analysis results show that had the extreme rainstorm occurred in Shenzhen or Beijing,it would have produced serious flood disasters,river overflow and serious ponding.The single practice of improving the urban flood control and drainage standard through engineering measures can deal with the rainfall within the design standard,but cannot deal with the extreme rainstorm events exceeding the design standard.Therefore,it is suggested to carry out joint drainage,joint commissioning and overall management of urban flood and waterlogging at the river basin,regional and urban levels;Simulate the urban waterlogging and ponding risk under different rainfall conditions,especially the exceeding standard rainstorm,predict and evaluate the urban disaster bearing capacity,formulate and improve early warning indicators and flood control management emergency response plan,improve the government's comprehensive coordination ability,timely issue early warning and prompt information before the rainstorm,and quickly guide relevant departments and citizens to take necessary preventive measures,protect the life safety of citizens and reduce property losses.

关 键 词：“2021.7.20”郑州特大暴雨 202106号台风“烟花” 超标准暴雨 城市内涝 洪涝灾害 

分 类 号：P333.2[天文地球—水文科学] TU998.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]