环境行政应急处置费用的法律性质辨析  

An Analysis on the Legal Nature of Environmental Administrative Emergency Disposal Expenses

作　　者：郑泽宇 ZHENG Zeyu(School of Law, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学法学院,重庆400045

出　　处：《大连理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第5期92-101,共10页Journal of Dalian University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点基地重大项目“生产者责任延伸制度的理论与实践”(14JJD820009)。

摘　　要：环境行政应急处置费用是环境行政机关为防止突发性环境污染损害扩大而采取的行政应急措施所产生的费用。结合学界理论与实务案例,以应急处置费用的法律性质为基准进行考察,发现学界与实务对应急处置费用的性质认识有差异,存在行政公务性支出、行政责任以及民事责任等观点。对相关观点进行整合后认为,环境行政应急处置费用的偿付是污染责任人的民事责任。同时,应急处置费用偿付请求权是因债权人“财产损失”而产生的对污染责任人的债权,它不具有偿付上的限制性。此外,应急处置费用的可诉性使之在环境公益诉讼之外单独就应急处置费用偿付提起私益诉讼具有了可能性。Environmental administrative emergency disposal expenses arise from the administrative emergency measures adopted by environmental administrative agencies to prevent the expansion of sudden environmental pollution damage.Combined with the academic theories and practical cases,and based on the legal nature of the emergency disposal expenses,it is found that there is a deviation between the academic and practical understanding of the nature of emergency disposal expenses,and there are viewpoints such as administrative expenditure,administrative responsibility and civil liability,etc.By the integrating these relevant views,it is concluded that the reimbursement of environmental administrative emergency disposal expenses is the civil liability of the individuals responsible for pollution.From the standpoint of legal interpretation,the claim for reimbursement of emergency disposal expenses is the creditor’s right to the person responsible for pollution on account of the“property loss”of the creditor,and it has no restriction in payment.At the same time,the actionability of emergency disposal expenses makes it possible to initiate a private interest lawsuit for the payment of emergency disposal expenses apart from environmental public interest litigation.

关 键 词：应急处置费用 行政责任 民事责任 财产损失 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]