生态环境损害赔偿制度与环境公益诉讼制度的关系  

The Relationship between the Ecological Damage Compensation System and the Environmental Public Interest Litigation System

作　　者：冯汝[1] FENG Ru(School of Law, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学法学院,天津300387

出　　处：《大连理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第5期102-111,共10页Journal of Dalian University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“政府提起生态环境损害赔偿诉讼制度研究”(17SFB3042);国家社会科学基金青年项目“环境损害担责原则的适用研究”(20CFX066)。

摘　　要：为理顺生态环境损害赔偿诉讼与环境公益诉讼的关系,避免各地法院对两者关系的处理出现矛盾,最高人民法院在生态环境损害赔偿诉讼司法解释中明确了行政机关提起生态环境损害赔偿诉讼优先的原则,但该原则的正当性与必要性仍有待探讨。从原因行为、适用范围、诉讼目的等方面分析,生态环境损害赔偿诉讼与环境公益诉讼存在牵连性;从诉讼标的角度分析,两者具有共同性。为从根本上解决制度适用混乱的问题,在《民法典》明确规定生态环境损害索赔权的背景下,应对生态环境损害赔偿制度与环境公益诉讼制度进行整体结构整合,形成“生态环境损害赔偿磋商优先,生态环境损害赔偿诉讼与环境公益诉讼合并审理,检察机关提起公益诉讼作为监督和补充”的模式,并通过程序规则的细化对不同救济方式进行协调。In practice,when administrative agencies and social organizations file the ecological damage lawsuit and environmental public interest lawsuit for the same pollution and destruction behavior separately,the local courts treat the similar situations with different judicial patterns.In order to straighten out the ecological environment compensation relationship of litigation and environmental public interest litigation and avoid the contradiction of judgment,the Supreme People’s Court has issued a judicial interpretation of the compensation law for ecological damage compensation,and clarified the principle that the governmental rights of claim should have priority,but the legitimacy and necessity of the principle still remain to be discussed.Based on the analysis of the cause and behaviors,the scope of application and the purpose of litigation,the ecological damage compensation litigation and the environmental public interest litigation are implicated in the relationship.From the point of view of the object of action,they have something in common.In order to fundamentally solve the problem of confusion in the application of the system,against the background that the Civil Code clearly stipulates the right to claim for ecological and environmental damages,the overall structure of the ecological and environmental damage compensation system and the environmental public interest litigation system should be integrated to form a model of priority for consultation on ecological and environmental damage compensation,combined trial of ecological and environmental damage compensation litigation,environmental public interest litigation,supervision and supplementation of public interest litigation,and coordination of different relief methods through the refinement of procedural rules.

关 键 词：生态环境损害赔偿制度 诉讼标的 诉讼关系 协调规则 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]