中国环境政策体系:构建与发展——基于生态文明的视角  

Construction and Development of China Environmental Policy System:from the Perspective of Ecological Civilization

作　　者：王晓红[1] 张亦工[1] WANG Xiaohong;ZHANG Yigong(School of Continuing Education,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东财经大学继续教育学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《山东财经大学学报》2021年第5期43-50,共8页Journal of Shandong University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：山东省软科学研究计划项目“节能环保企业政府补助的绩效评价”(2016RKB01310)。

摘　　要：为治理环境污染,中国以马克思主义生态观为指引,基于中国特色社会主义市场经济的现实背景和环境资源的公共品特性,采用了市场型、命令-控制型、公众参与型三类环境政策工具,逐步构建了环境政策体系。不同的环境政策工具各有特点,只有形成合力才能优化环境资源配置,将环保绩效最大化。考察现阶段环境政策实施状况发现,中国主要采用行政指令结合命令-控制型政策工具,对微观主体的环境污染行为加以控制和约束,行政机制主导,市场机制作用受限。为实现中国特色社会主义生态文明,中国环境政策体系的建设应以市场机制为主,进一步改革环境税费制度,充分发挥市场工具的效用,同时调动地方政府能动性,整合行政机制、社会机制,实现市场、行政、社会三维机制的协同作用。In order to control environmental pollution,China,guided by Marxist ecological view and based on the realistic background of socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics and the public goods characteristics of environmental resources,has gradually constructed an environmental policy system by adopting three types of environmental policy tools,i.e.,market-oriented,command-control-oriented and public-participation-oriented environmental policy tools.Since different environmental policy tools have their own unique characteristics,only by forming a joint force can we optimize the allocation of environmental resources and maximize the performance of environmental protection.By reviewing the current situation of environmental policy implementation,it is found that China mainly adopts administrative instructions combined with command-control policy tools to control and restrict the environmental pollution behavior of the micro subjects with administrative mechanism dominant and the role of market mechanism limited.In order to realize the socialist ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics,the construction of China environmental policy system should give priority to the market mechanism,further reform the environmental tax and fee system,give full play to the effectiveness of market tools,meanwhile mobilize the initiative of local governments,integrate the administrative mechanism and social mechanism,and realize the synergistic effect of the three-dimensional mechanism of market,administration and society.

关 键 词：生态文明 马克思主义生态观 环境政策体系 环境政策工具 协同作用 

分 类 号：F015[经济管理—政治经济学]