盐胁迫对水稻颖花形成及籽粒充实的影响  

Effects of salinity stress on spikelets formation and grains filling in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

作　　者：韦还和 张徐彬 葛佳琳 陈熙 孟天瑶 杨洋 熊飞[3] 陈英龙 戴其根 WEI Huan-He;ZHANG Xu-Bin;GE Jia-Lin;CHEN Xi;MENG Tian-Yao;YANG Yang;XIONG Fei;CHEN Ying-Long;DAI Qi-Gen(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Jiangsu/Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Agri-culture and Agro-product Safety,Ministry of Education/Institute of Agricultural Science and Technological Development,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China;College of Biological Sciences and Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学水稻产业工程技术研究院,江苏扬州225009 [2]扬州大学教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室/扬州大学农业科技发展研究院,江苏扬州225009 [3]扬州大学生物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物学报》2021年第12期2471-2480,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2019343);国家自然科学基金项目(32001466,31901448);中国博士后面上项目(2020M671628,2020M671629);江苏省高等学校自然科学研究面上项目(19KJB210004);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目资助。

摘　　要：旨在探明盐胁迫对水稻颖花形成与籽粒充实性状的影响机制,本研究以江苏沿海滩涂大面积种植的常规粳稻南粳9108和盐稻12为试材,在盆栽条件下设置对照(check,CK,盐浓度0%)、中盐(medium-salinity stress,MS,盐浓度0.15%)和高盐(high-salinity stress,HS,盐浓度0.3%),分析盐胁迫对颖花分化与退化、花器官发育及籽粒充实的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,(1)盐胁迫下水稻产量显著下降,中盐和高盐胁迫下南粳9108产量降幅分别为18.7%和54.5%,盐稻12分别为24.3%和58.6%。(2)盐胁迫显著降低了每穗粒数,中盐和高盐胁迫下南粳9108每穗粒数较对照分别低8.6%和19.8%,盐稻12较对照分别低8.0%和25.9%。此外,中盐和高盐胁迫下南粳9108和盐稻12的结实率和粒重亦均显著低于对照。(3)盐胁迫下水稻颖花分化数与现存数下降,颖花退化数与退化率增加;盐胁迫降低了一次和二次枝粳颖花分化数和现存数,提高了一次和二次枝粳颖花退化数,二次枝粳颖花分化数和现存数的下降幅度和颖花退化数的增加幅度均高于一次枝粳。(4)盐胁迫下花药长度、宽度与体积降低,花药开裂率、花粉活力以及颖花长度与宽度呈类似趋势。本研究表明,盐胁迫抑制水稻颖花分化,促进颖花退化,导致每穗颖花数显著下降;影响花器官正常发育,并降低籽粒饱满度,使籽粒充实性状明显变劣。This study was conducted to explore the effects of salinity stress on spikelets formation and grains filling in rice.To analyze the effects of salinity stress on the differentiation and degradation of spikelets,development of floral organs,and grain-filling characteristics in rice,conventional japonica rice Nanjing 9108 and Yandao 12 were used with three salinity treatments under pot-cultivation conditions,control(CK,0 salt concentration),medium-salinity stress(MS,0.15%salt concentra-tion),and high-salinity stress(HS,0.3%salt concentration).As a result,compared with the CK,(1)rice grain yield was decreased under salinity stress.The grain yield of Nanjing 9108 was decreased by 18.7%and 54.5%,and Yandao 12 was decreased by 24.3%and 58.6%,under MS and HS treatments,respectively.(2)the number of spikelets per panicle was decreased under salinity stress.The number of spikelets per panicle of Nanjing 9108 was 8.6%and 19.8%,and Yandao 12 was 8.0%and 25.9%lower than that of CK under MS and HS treatments,respectively.Besides,the filled-grain percentage and grain weight of Nanjing 9108 and Yandao 12 under MS and HS were also significantly lower than CK.(3)the number of differentiated and survived spikelets was decreased,while the number of retrograded spikelets and its rate was increased under salinity stress.Salinity stress reduced the differentiated and survived spikelets on the primary and secondary branches,while increased retrograded spikelets.The decline in the number of differentiated and survived spikelets on the secondary branches were higher than those of primary branches,and the similar observations were also for the increase in the number of retrograded spikelets.(4)the length,width,and volume of anther were decreased under salinity stress,and the similar trends were also observed for dehiscence rate of anther,pollen vigor,and the length and width of spikelets.Our results suggested that,salinity stress could inhibit the differentiation of rice spikelets and pro-mote the degradation of spikelets,resulting in a s

关 键 词：水稻 盐胁迫 颖花形成 籽粒充实 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]