InSAR技术在多年冻土区形变监测的应用  

Application of InSAR technology to monitor deformation in permafrost areas

作　　者：刘世博 赵林 汪凌霄 邹德富 周华云 谢昌卫 乔永平 岳广阳 史健宗 LIU Shibo;ZHAO Lin;WANG Lingxiao;ZOU Defu;ZHOU Huayun;XIE Changwei;QIAO Yongping;YUE Guangyang;SHI Jianzong(Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;School of Geographical Sciences,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室藏北高原冰冻圈特殊环境与灾害国家野外科学观测研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]南京信息工程大学地理科学学院,江苏南京210044 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2021年第4期964-975,共12页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0201);国家自然科学基金项目(41931180)资助。

摘　　要：作为大地测量的一种新兴空间技术,合成孔径雷达干涉(synthetic aperture radar interferometry,InSAR)具有全天时、高精度、大范围和速度快的优点,逐渐被应用于多年冻土区地表形变监测中。通过综述多年冻土形变原理及InSAR监测多年冻土形变的应用实例,研究表明:在气候变暖的背景下,多年冻土区地表年际形变以下沉为主,多年冻土上限附近地下冰含量的大小是影响年际形变量的主要因素;活动层内土壤含水量影响着地表季节形变量的大小,不同类型多年冻土区的地表年际形变量和季节形变量存在着较大的差异。研究还表明,不同波长的SAR产品在不同类型多年冻土区的适用性不同,下垫面特征对利用InSAR获取地表形变量有较大影响,L波段的SAR数据在植被覆盖度较好的区域有更好的效果。由于InSAR的失相干问题,加之目前还缺少长时间、多类型、高频率的实测形变结果作为验证和标校数据,获取准确且连续的大范围形变数据较为困难。针对目前寒区研究需求,布设野外长期观测站点,建立适用于不同多年冻土区的地表形变反演算法,构建具有较高精度和较高时空分辨率的地表形变数据集具有重要的实践和科学意义。As an emerging space technology in geodesy,synthetic aperture radar interferometry(InSAR)has the advantages of all-day,high-precision,large range and fast speed.It has a great potential for application in surface deformation measurement,and is increasingly used in the monitoring of permafrost areas.In this paper,the principle of permafrost deformation and the application of InSAR to monitor permafrost deformation are re⁃viewed.The results show that the interannual deformation of the permafrost is mainly settlement in the context of climate warming,and the amount of underground ice near the upper limit of permafrost is the main factor af⁃fecting the interannual variation.Soil moisture content within the active layer affects the magnitude of the sea⁃sonal deformation variables.There are large differences in interannual and seasonal surface deformation vari⁃ables for different types of permafrost areas.It was also shown that the applicability of SAR products at different wavelengths varies for different types of permafrost zones,and that subsurface features have a greater influence on the magnitude of deformation obtained by InSAR data,while the L-band SAR data are more effective in the areas with better vegetation cover.Owing to the decoherence problem of InSAR processing and the lack of vali⁃dation and calibration data for long-term,multi-type,high-frequency permafrost deformation monitoring,it is of great practical and scientific significance to establish surface deformation inversion algorithms for different permafrost areas and to construct surface deformation data sets with high precision spatial and temporal resolution.

关 键 词：InSAR 多年冻土 地表形变 冻胀 融沉 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感] P642.14[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]