响堂山石窟东魏至北齐石刻佛像造型分析  

Analysis on the Modelling of the Xiangtangshan Grottoes'Stone Buddhas from the Eastern Wei to the Northern Qi Dynasties

作　　者：黄文智[1] HUANG Wenzhi

机构地区：[1]天津美术学院造型艺术学院雕塑系,天津300141

出　　处：《艺术探索》2021年第4期42-54,共13页Arts Exploration

摘　　要：响堂山石窟东魏至北齐佛像根据着衣形式的不同可分为四组,归为三期。第一组佛像年代最早,以北响堂第六窟主尊佛像为代表,着敷搭左肩式袈裟,衣装造型特征与河北中南部东魏佛像相似,此为第一期。第二组佛像创于北齐初,以北响堂第九窟中心柱正面主尊佛像为代表,身着通肩式袈裟,衣装厚重,衣褶在第一组佛像基础上变为粗大的高低棱状线组合。第三组佛像为北响堂第九窟中心柱左壁主尊佛像,大体沿用了太原天龙山东魏佛像着衣形式,形成右肩半披中衣搭肘式佛装,质感依然厚重,衣褶雕刻与同窟第二组佛像类同。第二、三组佛像同为第二期。第四组佛像包括北响堂第四窟及南响堂、水浴寺的众多实例,身着中衣搭肘式佛装,衣装轻薄贴体,衣褶线雕刻存在多种样式,与河北中南部地区其他北齐佛像等同,此为第三期。这些石窟佛像基本延续了中原北方此前开窟造像的形式,与河北中南部流行以白石材质雕刻的单体造像在雕刻工艺上区别明显。The Buddhas that were carved in the Xiangtangshan Grottoes from the Eastern Wei to the Northern Qi dynasties can be divided into four groups according to their different dressing styles,and may thus be traced back to three distinct historical periods.The first group of statues,which also happens to be the earliest,is represented by the main Buddha located in the sixth cave of Beixiangtang,dressed in a left-shoulder cassock.The clothing style is similar to that of the Eastern Wei Buddha statues in central and southern Hebei.This group of statues constitutes the first historical period.The second group,created towards the beginning of the Northern Qi Dynasty,is represented by the main Buddha carved on the front of the central column of the ninth cave of Beixiangtang.Dressed in a full-shoulder robes and wearing heavy clothes with pleats expressed through thick high and low arched lines,this statue marks an evolution based on the first group.The third group of statues is represented by the main Buddha carved on the left wall of the ninth cave’s central column at Beixiangtang.It generally follows the clothing style of the Taiyuan Tianlong and Shandong Wei Buddhas,which are half-dressed in cassocks draped over the right shoulder and hanging down from the elbow.The texture is still heavy and the clothes are carved in a way close to that of the second group of statues located in the same cave.The second and third groups of Buddhas do both belong to the second historical period.The fourth and last group includesmany examples located in the fourth cave at Beixiangtang,Nanxiangtang and Shuiyu Temple.These are dressed in light and fitting Buddhist robes,of which many feature pleat line carvings,and are similar to the Northern Qi Buddhas present in central and southern Hebei.This last group belongs to the third historical period.These Buddhas basically follow the stylistic forms of statues previously carved in the northern part of the Central Plains,and are thus significantly different from the single sculptures made of whi

关 键 词：响堂山石窟 东魏至北齐 佛像 造型 

分 类 号：K879.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K239.22[历史地理—历史学] K239.24