基于鱼类多样性及完整性指数评价南河中上游流域健康状况  

Assessment of ecosystem health on the upper and middle reaches of Nanhe River with the fish-based biotic integrity index

作　　者：严太明[1] 何佳洋 罗杰 张骞 邓发强 马志军 苏中海 何智[1] YAN Tai-ming;HE Jia-yang;LUO Jie;ZHANG Qian;DENG Fa-qiang;MA Zhi-jun;SU Zhong-hai;HE Zhi(College of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Guang’an Agricultural techndogy Extension station,Guang’an 638500,Sichuan,China;Chengdu Center for Disease Control&Prevention,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物科技学院,成都611130 [2]广安市农业技术推广站,四川广安638500 [3]成都市动物疫病预防控制中心,成都610041

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2021年第5期3-12,共10页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：成都市渔业发展项目(CDF001);国家自然科学基金(31402286,31972777)。

摘　　要：根据成都平原南河中上游流域2016-2017年的鱼类资源调查结果和历史资料,利用鱼类种类组成、鱼类耐受性和敏感性等构建了鱼类多样性及鱼类完整性指数(The fish-based biotic integrity index, F-IBI)评价体系,并据此评估了调查河段的健康状况。结果显示:2016年9-11月和2017年3-6月,在南河中上游干流及支流共采集到鱼类45种,隶属于4目11科34属,优势种为宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus)、花■(Hemibarbus maculatus)和麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)等小型种类。鱼类多样性指数中的丰富度(Margalef)指数和多样性(Shannon-Wiener)指数干流宝林河段最高,支流■江河的温泉小镇河段最低,均匀度(Pielou)指数在支流白沫江采样点差异最大。与历史资料对比分析发现,本次调查采集渔获物的鱼类区系组成较之前变化明显,其中属科多样性指数(G-F)由0.32降至0.29,物种总数、鲤形目种类数和鲇形目种类数增加比例均超过了50%,上层鱼类和底层鱼类等占比出现了明显下降。河流健康等级评价为"一般"及以下的河段比例高达75%,干流健康状况总体上优于支流,支流的中下游优于上游,这表明南河中上游河流健康状况较差。With the survey data from the middle and upper reaches of Nanhe river basin in the Chengdu Plain in 1990s and 2016 to 2017,fish composition and richness,tolerance,trophic structure,reproductive guilds and quantity and health in the river’s upstream and midstream were examined,and F-IBI(The fish-based biotic integrity index,F-IBI)systems were established for assessing river ecosystem health.Results showed there were 45 species in 12 sampling sites of the middle and upper reaches of Nanhe River from September to November 2016 and from March to June 2017,and the dominant species were small-sized fishes,such as Zacco platypus,Hemibarbus maculatus,Pseudorasbora parva and so on.The index of Margalef and Shannon-Wiener were the highest in Baolin section,and lowest in Wenquan Town section of Chu River,however,the index of Pielou had the significantly difference in each sampling sites in Baimo River.Compared to the 1990s,it was found that the fauna composition of the fish changed significantly,the index of genus and family diversity(G-F)dropped markedly from 0.32 to 0.29,the total number of species,species number of Cyprinidae and species number of Siluriformes increased by more than 50%,and the proportion of pelagic fish and substratum fish declined significantly.F-IBI analysis results showed that the investigation of river health was poor:up to 75%of the samples sites as“fair”or below,and the health condition of the main stream was better than that of the tributaries,and the middle and lower reaches of the tributaries were better than the upper reaches.These results would provide basic information for river management and fish resource conservation in Nanhe River.

关 键 词：鱼类多样性 生物完整性 河流健康 南河 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]