不同水温对个体养殖系统中华绒螯蟹幼蟹蜕壳生长和摄食率的影响  

Effects of different water temperatures on molting,growth and feeding rates of juvenile Eriocheir sinensis cultured in individual culture system

作　　者：张凯军 王静安 倪康达 陈海红 陈晓雯[1] 王军[1] 王成辉[1] ZHANG Kai-jun;WANG Jing-an;NI Kang-da;CHEN Hai-hong;CHEN Xiao-wen;WANG Jun;WANG Cheng-hui(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Certificated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2021年第5期100-105,共6页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：上海市科技兴农项目[沪农科创字(2019)第3-4号,2017-02-08-00-10-F00076];上海市中华绒螯蟹现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(沪农科产字2020-4号)。

摘　　要：为探讨不同水温对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)幼蟹蜕壳、生长和摄食率的影响,本研究应用恒温的河蟹个体养殖系统,分析不同水温(10、15、20、25、30℃)对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的成活率、蜕壳次数、蜕壳间隔、蜕壳增重率、肥满度和摄食率的影响。结果显示:在133 d的试验中,各饲养水温的中华绒螯蟹成活率均在89%以上;10℃和15℃水温的实验蟹只蜕壳1次,20℃和25℃水温组的实验蟹蜕壳2次,30℃水温组的实验蟹蜕壳3次;五个水温组的平均蜕壳间隔分别为109.39、67.92、46.63、43.69、38.01 d;蜕壳增重率随水温升高呈总体增加的趋势,30℃水温组的蜕壳增重率显著高于其他水温组;平均绝对生长率和相对生长率均随着水温的升高而逐步增大,且各水温组间差异显著;肥满度随水温的升高而逐渐下降;五个水温组的平均日摄食率分别为1.58%、1.97%、3.54%、4.79%和5.25%。腿部肌肉切片观察发现,低水温组(10、15、20℃)的肌纤维直径显著大于高水温组(25、30℃)。结果表明:随着饲养水温的增加,河蟹的蜕壳速度加快,增重率增加,肥满度下降,摄食率增加,以30℃水温时的河蟹生长最佳。In order to investigate the effects of different water temperatures on the molting,growth and feeding rate of juvenile Eriocheir sinensis,the survival rate,molting number and interval,weight gain rate,condition factor and feeding rate were analyzed by using the constant-temperature individual culturing system of crabs under different water temperatures.The results show that:during the 133-day experiment,the survival rate of E.sinensis was more than 89%under different water temperatures;the experimental crabs only molted one time at the water temperature of 10℃and 15℃,two times at 20℃and 25℃,three times at 30℃;the average molting interval of the five water temperature groups were 109.39,67.92,46.63,43.69 and 38.01 d,respectively.The weight gain rate increased gradually with the increase of water temperature,and the weight gain rate in 30℃was significantly higher than that in other water temperatures.The average absolute growth rate and relative growth rate increased gradually with the increase of water temperature,and there were significantly differences among the water temperature groups.However,the condition factor decreased with the increase of water temperature.The average feeding rate of the five water temperature groups was 1.58%,1.97%,3.54%,4.79%and 5.25%,respectively.Microscope observation of leg muscle sections showed that the diameter of muscle fibers in the low water temperature groups(10,15,20℃)was significantly larger than that in the high water temperature groups(25,30℃).This study shows that the molting speed of crabs was accelerated,the weight gain rate would increase,the condition factor would decrease,and the feeding rate of crabs would increase when water temperature was increased.This study indicated that the better water temperature should be 30℃for molting and growth in juvenile E.sinensis.

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis) 水温 蜕壳 摄食率 肥满度 肌纤维 

分 类 号：S966.16[农业科学—水产养殖]