不同授粉方式对大葱种子产量的影响  

Effects of different pollination methods on the seed yield of green Chinese onion

作　　者：张志轩[1] 汪妮[1] 李涵[1] 王保国 ZHANG Zhixuan;WANG Ni;LI Han;WANG Baoguo(Puyang Vocational and Technical College,Puyang 457000,Henan,China;Xiuwu County Farm,Xiuwu 454350,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]濮阳职业技术学院,河南濮阳457000 [2]修武县农场,河南修武454350

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2021年第9期84-87,共4页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：河南省重点科技攻关计划(152102110021)。

摘　　要：针对豫北地区大葱(Allium fistulosum L.var.giganteum Makion)大田制种结实率低、产量不稳、产量不高的问题,探索提高大葱制种产量的技术模式,以濮葱1号大葱品种为试材,采用随机区组试验法,研究了大葱花期熊峰、蜜蜂和人工3种不同的辅助授粉方法对种子产量的影响。结果表明,大葱制种田花期利用熊蜂辅助授粉和蜜蜂辅助授粉均可大幅提高单株结果数、单果结籽数和千粒质量,从而提高大葱种子单位面积产量。熊蜂授粉单株结果数、单果结籽数、千粒质量分别比人工授粉增长22.92%、26.09%、13.33%,从而使单株产量显著增长75.08%,提高单位面积产量74.28%。熊蜂授粉比蜜蜂授粉增产优势也比较明显。熊蜂授粉单株结果数、单果结籽数、千粒质量较蜜蜂授粉分别增长6.80%、13.73%、9.68%,从而使单株种子产量增长42.06%,单位面积种子产量增长40.78%。熊蜂授粉与蜜蜂授粉、人工授粉相比优势更加明显,是大葱良种繁育项目比较好的增产措施,应用前景广阔。Aiming at the problems of low seed setting rate,unstable yield and low yield of green Chinese onion(Allium fistulosum L.var.giganteum Makion)in the field production in the north of Henan province,in order to explore the technical mode of increasing the yield of green Chinese onion seed production,the random block test method was adopted with the variety Pucong No.1 as the test material,the effect of assisted pollination at different florescence on the seed yield of green Chinese onion was studied.The results showed that the number of fruit per plant,the number of seed per fruit,the weight of 1000 seeds,the yield per plant and the yield per unit area were significantly increased by bumblebee pollination and bee pollination in flowering stage of green Chinese onion.Bumblebee pollination was found more obvious advantages than bee pollination in increasing production.The breeding,feeding and logistics of bumblebees were basically commercialized and modernized.The supporting facilities and equipment are simple and suitable for the application in breeding bases such as farms and professional cooperatives,it provides scientific basis for high quality and high yield of green Chinese onion seed production in north area,and has wide application prospect.

关 键 词：大葱 制种 产量 熊蜂 蜜蜂 辅助授粉 

分 类 号：S633.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]