聚天门冬氨酸尿素对稻田土壤细菌多样性的影响  

Effects of Polyaspartic Acid Urea on Bacterial Diversity in Paddy Soils

作　　者：王娜[1] 徐嘉翼 叶鑫[1] 隋世江[1] 张鑫[1] 牛世伟[1] WANG Na;XU Jia-yi;YE Xin;SUI Shi-jiang;ZHANG Xin;NIU Shi-wei(Plant Nulrilion and Environmental Resources Research Inslilule,Liaoning Academy of Agricullural Sciences,Liaoning Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院植物营养与环境资源研究所,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第9期1914-1922,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：辽宁省科技重大专项(2019020171-JH1/103-01-03);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0800500);中央引导地方科技发展专项(2019416031)。

摘　　要：【目的】有效控制土壤氮素损失是维持稻田生产力和降低氮肥施用引发环境污染的重要管理措施。【方法】本文以聚天门冬氨酸钙盐(PASP-Ca)与常规尿素复配为供试材料,利用成对大田施肥试验(尿素-T1和PASP-Ca尿素-T2),研究PASP-Ca尿素对稻田土壤细菌群落及土壤N素硝化作用的影响。【结果】施肥后第3天,NH_(4)^(+)-N是影响细菌群落组成的关键环境因子。Nitrosomonadales(亚硝化单胞菌)、Nitrospiraceae(硝化螺旋菌)为T2处理的优势菌,且T2处理的Nitrospiraceae丰度显著高于T1处理,土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N浓度较T1处理降低了19.47%。施肥后第5、10天,NO_(3)^(-)-N是影响细菌群落组成的关键环境因子。Nitrosomonadales和Nitrospiraceae为T1处理的优势菌,且T2处理的Nitrosomonadales丰度显著低于T1处理,土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N浓度较T1处理降低了3.80%~9.58%。【结论】本试验初步表明,PASP-Ca尿素通过调控参与N素硝化的土壤细菌丰度,改变了土壤细菌群落多样性,影响N素的硝化过程,对降低氮素流失风险和提高氮肥利用率具有潜在作用。【Objective】Effective control of soil nitrogen loss was an important management measure to maintain the productivity of paddy field and reduce the environmental pollution caused by nitrogen fertilizer application.【Method】The effects of polyaspartic acid calcium salt urea(PASP-Ca urea)on bacterial community and nitration of soil N in paddy fields were studied by paired field fertilization(urea-T1 and PASP-Ca urea-T2)with the compound of PASP-Ca and conventional urea as tested materials.【Result】The third day after fertilization,NH_(4)^(+)-N was the key environmental factor influencing the composition of bacterial community.Nitrosomonadales and Nitrospiraceae were the dominant bacteria in T2 treatment,the abundance of Nitrospiraceae was significantly higher than that in T1 treatment,and compared with T1 treatment,the concentration of NH_(4)^(+)-N in soil was 19.47%lower.On the 5 th and 10 th day after fertilization,NO_(3)^(-)-N was the key environmental factor influencing the composition of bacterial community.Nitrosomonadales and Nitrospiraceae were the dominant bacteria in T1 treatment,and the Nitrosomonadales in T2 treatment were significantly lower than that in T1 treatment.Compared with T1 treatment,the concentration of NO_(3)^(-)-N in soil reduced by 3.80%-9.58%.【Conclusion】This experiment preliminarily showed that PASP-Ca urea had a potential effect on reducing the risk of nitrogen loss and improving the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer by regulating the abundance of soil bacteria involved in nitrification,changing the diversity of soil bacterial community and influencing the nitrification process of nitrogen.

关 键 词：聚天门冬氨酸 稻田土壤 细菌多样性 高通量测序 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]