基于地形梯度的重庆市近40年水田及旱地时空演变特征  

Spatial Distribution and Variation Characteristics of Paddy Fields and Dry Land in Chongqing in Past 40 Years Based on Topographic Gradient

作　　者：唐荣莉[1,2] 姚雄 王春萍[1,2] 吴红[1,2] 李经勇 方立魁[3] 雷开荣 TANG Rong-li;YAO Xiong;WANG Chun-ping;WU Hong;LI Jing-yong;FANG Li-kui;LEI Kai-rong(Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 401329,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research,Chongqing 401329,China;Chongqing Municipal Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Chongqing 401121,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业科学院,重庆401329 [2]逆境农业研究重庆市重点实验室,重庆401329 [3]重庆市农业技术推广总站,重庆401121

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第9期1939-1949,共11页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD030170701);中国工程院咨询研究项目(2017-XY-28);重庆市农业科学院青年创新团队项目(NKY-2019QC10)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索水田、旱地分布及变化特征是阐明区域耕地变化规律的基础,为实施耕地保护提供数据支持和决策依据。【方法】利用地理空间信息技术和重庆市1980、2000和2018年LandsatTM影像的土地利用类型解译结果,分析了区域的水田、旱地的转移特征,并重点对比两类耕地在不同海拔、坡度、坡向上的分布和转变情况。【结果】水田和旱地的分布和转变在不同地形空间上表现出复杂性和差异性。水田主要分布在坡度15°以内,低于600 m海拔的区域;而旱地在各个海拔分布更为均匀,对坡度的适宜性更广。水田与旱地与各用地类型之间相互转移特征在不同海拔、坡度、坡向条件下存在较大差异。水田、旱地在1980—2000和2000—2018年两个时期均以转出为主,流失的水田主要转变为建设用地;受城市建设占用、退耕还林还草等因素影响,旱地与其他地类之间的转换更频繁。受多因素的综合影响,水田的耕作优势区逐渐从低海拔缓坡区域朝中低海拔、中坡度的区域迁移,而旱地的主要耕作优势区主要向中海拔和中度坡度地区转移。【结论】地形条件约束农业生产活动,需重点加强低海拔、较平坦地区耕地流失的管理。【Objective】The present paper amied to explore the distribution and change characteristics of paddy field and dry land to clarify the law of regional cultivated land change,so as to provide data support and decision basis for the implementation of cultivated land protection and introduce corresponding policies and measures.【Method】The land use type interpretation results from LandsatTM images in 1980,2000 and 2018 were used in the study to analyze the dynamic change and geographical differentiation of paddy fields and dry land in the past 40 years in Chongqing.The characteristics of cultivated transfer and patch change were analyzed,and the distribution and dynamic changes of two types of cultivated land in different elevation,slope and aspect were emphatically compared.【Result】The distribution and land use transformation characteristics of paddy field and dry land are complexity.Paddy fields are mainly distributed within the range of 15°of slope and below the altitude of 600 meters.Dry land is more evenly distributed in each altitude and more widely applicable to slope.The land use transformation characteristics between paddy field and dry land with other land types vary with elevation,slope and aspect.From 1980 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2018,paddy fields and dry land were mainly shifted out.The lost paddy fields are mainly converted into construction land.The conversion between dry land and other land types is more frequent due to the occupancy of urban construction and conversion of farmland to forest and grassland.Under the comprehensive influence factors,main farming area of paddy fields gradually shifted from the low-altitude and gentle slope areas to the areas with higher altitude and greater slope,while main farming area of dry land shifted mainly to the mid-altitude and moderate slope areas.【Conclusion】It is necessary to force on reducing cultivated land loss in low altitude and flat areas,since topographic conditions significantly constraint agricultural production activities.

关 键 词：水田 旱地 时空演变 地形梯度 重庆市 

分 类 号：S29[农业科学—农业水土工程]