云龙水库鱼类资源声学评估  

Acoustic Assessment of Fish Resources in Yunlong Reservoir

作　　者：梁祥 薛绍伟 武智[2] 王静 张建斌 赖宝衡 胡智光 LIANG Xiang;XUE Shao-wei;WU Zhi;WANG Jing;ZHANG Jian-bin;LAI Bao-heng;HU Zhi-guang(Yunnan Inslilule of Fishery Sciences Research,Yunnan Kunming 650051,China;Pearl River Fisheries Research Inslilule,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangdong Guangzhou 510380,China;Yunnan Fengyuan Water Co.,Ltd.,Yunnan Kuraning 650051,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省渔业科学研究院,云南昆明650051 [2]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所,广东广州510380 [3]云南丰源水务股份有限公司,云南昆明650051

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第9期2057-2062,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省高层次科技人才及创新团队选拔专项—技术创新人才培养对象项目(2019HB067);云龙水库鱼类声学探测(2019FY[H]/3-其他-005)。

摘　　要：【目的】为全面了解云龙水库鱼类的分布特征与评估鱼类资源的生物量。【方法】2019年10月采用分裂波束鱼探仪EY60(120 kHz,250 W)对云龙水库库区鱼类资源进行声学调查,并结合渔获物统计对鱼类时空分布进行分析,评估鱼类资源量。【结果】云龙水库库区分布有鱼类16种,隶属3目7科16属,优势种为麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)、■(Hemiculter leucisculus)、子陵吻鰕虎鱼(Rhinogobius giurinus)、太湖新银鱼(Neosalanx taihuensis),数量占比为76.27﹪;声学评估表明,云龙水库鱼类平均密度为(0.0496±0.0945)ind/m~3,鱼类分布密度较高的区域主要是水城河、老木河及石板河入湖河道汇入区,鱼类主要分布在5~15 m的中层水域,占总数的88.14%;水深<5 m的表层水域鱼类较少,占总数的4.95%,底层鱼类(水深>15 m)占比约为6.91%。鱼类声学目标强度分布在-60~-28 dB,对应体长约为2~140 cm;鱼类资源生物量约为1.58×10~7尾,体长小于15 cm的鱼类约占总数的95%以上。【结论】采用水声学方法能科学、快速的计测天然水域的鱼类资源量,云龙水库库区鱼类以小型鱼类为主,鱼类资源量状况反映库区水环境生态情况,为水质管理提供科学依据。【Objective】The study aimed to fully understand the distribution characteristics of fish in Yunlong Reservoir and to assess the biomass of fish resources.【Method】In October 2019,the acoustic survey of fish resources in Yunlong Reservoir area was carried out using split beam fish finder EY60(120 kHz,250 W),and the spatial and temporal distribution of fish was analyzed in conjunction with the catch statistics to assess the fish resources.【Result】The results showed that there were 16 species of fish distributed in the Yunlong Reservoir area,belonging to 3 orders,7 families and 16 genera.Pseudorasbora parva,Hemiculter leucisculus,Rhinogobius giurinus,Neosalanx taihuensis were the dominant species,the ratio was 76.27%.The acoustic evaluation showed that the average density of fish in Yunlong Reservoir was(0.0496±0.0945)ind/m3,and the areas with high fish distribution density were mainly in the inflow area with the Shuicheng river,Laomu river and Shiban river into the lake channel,and the fish mainly distributed in the middle waters of 5-15 meters,accounted for 88.14%of the total;There were fewer fish in surface waters with a water depth of less than 5 meters,accounted for 4.95%of the total,and demersal fish(water depth greater than 15 meters)accounted for about 6.91%.The target strength of fish acoustics was distributed between-60 and-28 dB,the counterpart was about 2-140 cm long,the biomass of fish resources was about 1.58×107tails,and fish with a body length less than 15 cm accounted for more than 95%of the total.【Conclusion】The hydroacoustic method could be used to scientifically and quickly measure the amount of fish resources in natural waters.The fish in the Yunlong Reservoir area were mainly small fish.The status of fish resources reflected the ecological situation of the water environment in the reservoir area and provided science for water quality management.

关 键 词：云龙水库 鱼类资源 声学 评估 

分 类 号：S932[农业科学—渔业资源]