民国壬子癸丑学制时期体育教师培养培训机构特征研究  

Research on the Characteristics of Physical Education Teachers’Training Institutions in the Period of Renzi Guichou Schooling System in Republic of China

作　　者：张玉宝[1] ZHANG Yubao(Institute of Physical Education,Anyang Normal University,Anyang 455000,China)

机构地区：[1]安阳师范学院体育学院,安阳455000

出　　处：《体育与科学》2021年第5期91-101,共11页Sports & Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“师范专业认证视域下我国体育教育专业课程体系构建与实践研究”,项目号:20BTY064;安阳师范学院科研培育基金项目“清末民国时期体育教师教育史研究(1903-1949)”,项目号:AYNUKPY-2020-21;。

摘　　要：壬子癸丑学制是数千年封建帝制被推翻后我国实施的第一个学制系统,期间政局动荡,思潮澎湃,20多个体育教师培养培训机构得以创建。采用文献资料和逻辑分析等研究方法,对壬子癸丑学制时期体育教师培养培训机构的创设时间、办学性质、命名方式、地域分布、学制及招生、课程设置等方面特征进行研究。结果表明,当时的体育教师培养培训机构主要创设于1919-1921年;存在民办、官办、会办3种性质的机构,官办机构呈现"少而精"特征,民办、会办机构呈现"多而杂"特征;机构命名共有10种形式,以"体育学校""体育师范学校""体育专修科"3种为主,命名中隐含着由"学堂"到"学校"、由"体操"到"体育"、由"男子独大"到"男女平权"、由"职前"到"职前职后"、由"单一"到"综合"的体育教师教育理念转变;机构的地域分布不平衡,呈现"东多西少""南多北少""相对集中"的特征;机构学制以2年为主,招生规模一般维持在30-60人;机构课程设置方面,呈现出由"仿日"到"仿美"的设置理念转变,课程门数显著增加,课程分类以学科术科二分法为主,术科类课程所占比重大,女子机构重视舞蹈类课程等特征。The Renzi Guichou Schooling System was the first academic system implemented in China after the overthrowing of thousands of years of feudal monarchy.During that period of the political turbulence,different thoughts surged and more than 20 Physical Education(PE)teachers’training institutions had been established.Based on literature and logical analysis,this thesis is aimed to study the characteristics of P.E.teacher training institutions during the Period of Renzi Guichou Schooling System,concerning their establishing time,nature of school-running,naming approach,regional distribution,length of schooling,enrollment scale,the course setting,etc.The following are found:P.E.teacher training institutions at that time were mainly established between 1919 and 1921.There were three types of institutions:private-running ones,government-running and association-running.Government-running institutions were fewer but better,while private and association-running ones are more but miscellaneous.There are 10 forms of institution-naming,mainly"Physical Education School","Physical Education Normal School"and"Physical Education Department".The naming implies the conceptual change of P.E.teacher education:"Xuetang"to"Xuexiao","gymnastics"to"physical education",and"man’s domination"to"Equal rights of men and women",from"pre-service"to"pre-service and after-service",from"single"to"comprehensive",etc.The geographical distribution of the institutions is uneven,with characteristics of"more in the east and south,less in the west and north"and"relative concentration".They mainly took 2 year-schooling system and maintained enrolling scale at 30-60 students.In terms of institutional curriculum,course-setting concept transformed from"imitating Japan"to"imitating America",with the significantly increasing courses and classifying courses mainly based on the dichotomy of academic and skill-practicing subjects with a large proportion,and with women’s institutions attaching importance to dance courses.

关 键 词：壬子癸丑学制 体育教师 培养培训机构 特征 

分 类 号：G807[文化科学—体育训练]