农户经营农场规模、租佃制度与农业生产率——基于历史视角的实证考察  

Farm Size, Tenancy System and Agricultural Productivity: An Empirical Investigation Based on the View of History

作　　者：黄天宇 李楠 Huang Tianyu;Li Nan(School of Economics,Fudan University)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学经济学院,200433

出　　处：《经济评论》2021年第5期102-117,共16页Economic Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“贸易、疾病与经济发展:基于近代中国流行性鼠疫空间扩散的理论及实证研究”(项目编号:71773070);复旦大学理论经济学Ⅰ高峰计划项目“整治整合、民族认同与经济发展:基于中国历史经验的理论与实证研究”的资助。

摘　　要：本文以土地可以在市场中自由流动的民国时期东北地区为研究对象,运用随机前沿分析等计量方法,在历史视角下系统性地考察了农户经营农场规模、租佃制度对农业生产率的影响。研究发现,农场面积与单位面积产量之间存在显著的反向关系,但与人均产出之间存在正向关系。在进一步对效率进行考察时发现,农场面积与全要素生产率之间存在正向关系,而与技术效率之间存在"U"型的非线性关系。此外,分成合约佃农的生产效率普遍低于自耕农和定额合约佃农。本文的结果不仅丰富了农业经济史相关研究,也为当前在土地流转市场化改革的背景下,鼓励适度规模化生产的政策思路,提供了一定的历史借鉴。This paper takes the Northeast region where land can flow freely in the market during the Republic of China period as the object, using econometric methods such as stochastic frontier analysis, and systematically examines the impact of farmers’ farm scale and tenancy system on agricultural productivity from a historical perspective.We find that, farm sizes negatively correlate to output per unit area, but positively correlate to per capita output.We further analyze the efficiencies and find that, there is a positive relationship between farm area and total factor productivity and the relationship between size and Technical Efficiency reveals a U shape non-linear relationship.In addition, the production efficiency of divided into contract tenants is generally lower than that of self-employed farmers and fixed-rate contract tenants.The results of this article not only enrich the related research on agricultural economic history, but also provide a certain historical reference for the current policy ideas of encouraging moderately large-scale production in the context of the market-oriented reform of land transfer.

关 键 词：农场规模 土地租佃 生产率 技术效率 

分 类 号：K258[历史地理—历史学] F329[历史地理—中国史]