获得支持越多越好?——新任妈妈视角下代际育儿支持的效用评价及其应对  

The More Support,the Better?——The Utility Evaluation of Intergenerational Child Care Support from the Perspective of New Mothers and Their Coping Strategies

作　　者：何姗姗[1,2] He Shanshan

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学社会发展学院 [2]华东师范大学上海市“中国特色的转型社会学研究”社会科学创新研究基地

出　　处：《青年学报》2021年第3期65-73,共9页Youth Research

基　　金：2018年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“新任妈妈育儿社会支持的干预研究”(项目编号:18YJC840016)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：祖辈托育已成为我国婴幼儿家庭采用的主要儿童照料模式,祖辈提供的育儿社会支持主要包含家务劳动和婴儿照料等工具性支持。社会支持是一个复杂而多维的概念,如何评估社会支持的效用?新任妈妈获得祖辈支持是否越多越好?质性研究表明,祖辈在女性产后第一年内主要提供照顾性支持,使得新任妈妈产生"轻松放心"和知恩感恩的正向效用评价,同时也可能存在新旧育儿观念的代际冲突甚至祖辈之间的冲突,为彼此带来负面情绪困扰,反映了家庭系统内支持供给与需求不匹配的支持错位和过度问题。为此,新任妈妈采用秩序的重塑和支持的反嵌(表现为合理分工、正向沟通和持续学习)等行动策略以应对祖辈支持错位和过度所带来的问题。未来家庭成员可通过正确评价祖辈提供育儿支持的效用情况以及时有效应对,也可通过拓展老年人学习育儿技能的渠道,改善其学习条件,以提升祖辈育儿支持供给的有效性。Intergenerational child care has become the main child care model adopted by infant and child families in China.The social support provided by grandparents mainly includes instrumental support,such as domestic work and infant care.Since social support is a complex multidimensional concept,how to evaluate the effectiveness of social support?Does the new mother get the support of her grandparents as much as possible?Through a qualitative study,the results showed that the grandparents mainly provided care support in the first year of postpartum,and brought positive utility evaluation of"relaxed and assured"and gratitude for the grandparents.At the same time,there may be intergenerational conflicts between old and new parenting opinions and even conflicts between ancestors.New mothers adopted action strategies such as order reconstruction and support anti-embedding(manifested as rational division of labor,positive communication and continuous learning)to deal with the problems caused by the dislocation and excessive support of their ancestors.It is suggested that all family members in the future could pay attention to the concrete utility evaluation of receiving child care support from their ancestors in order to deal with it in a timely and effective manner,and to improve the effectiveness of ancestral learning conditions and child care support supply by expanding different ways of continuous learning for the elderly.

关 键 词：新任妈妈 代际育儿支持 效用评价 应对实践 

分 类 号：C913[经济管理]