海口市2004—2020年突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析  

Epidemic characteristics of public health emergencies in Haikou,2004-2020

作　　者：陈琴[1,2] 曾小平[1,2] 王明昌[1,2] CHEN Qin;ZENG Xiao-ping;WANG Ming-chang(Haikou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Haikou,Hainan 571100,China;Haikou Research Base of Key Laboratory of Infectious Surveillance and Early Warning of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Haikou,Hainan 571100,China)

机构地区：[1]海口市疾病预防控制中心,海南海口571100 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病监测预警重点实验室海口研究基地,海南海口571100

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2021年第9期875-878,899,共5页China Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析2004—2020年海口市突发公共卫生事件流行特征,为制定防控策略提供参考。方法应用国家突发公共卫生事件监测网络,收集2004—2020年海口市突发公共卫生事件相关数据进行描述性统计分析。结果2004—2020年海口市共报告突发公共卫生事件174起,发病5297人,总罹患率为0.74%,罹患率呈现下降趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=4307.85,P<0.001);共死亡11人,死因均为化学性中毒;时间分布呈现双峰型特征,报告高峰在3—5月和9月;74.14%的事件发生在城区;72.99%的事件发生在学校及托幼机构;传染病事件占78.16%,以呼吸道传染病为主(占73.53%),其次是肠道传染病(占20.59%)和虫媒传染病(占5.88%);食源性疾病占20.11%,以细菌性食源性疾病为主(占71.43%),其次是食源性化学性中毒(占11.43%)、植物性毒素中毒(占8.57%)和未检出致病因子(占8.57%);建筑工地罹患率较高(23.79%);其他公共卫生事件罹患率为6.70%,高于传染病事件和食源性疾病;介入处置时间越长,罹患率越高(χ_(趋势)^(2)=2233.61,P<0.001);报告时已有病例数>14例的罹患率较高(2.87%);事件持续时间≤7.10 d的罹患率较高(1.21%)。结论海口市突发公共卫生事件以传染病事件和食源性疾病为主,加强学校及托幼机构、建筑工地等场所的传染病防控和食品卫生管理,提高监测报告敏感性,及早介入处置,可减少突发公共卫生事件的发生和危害。Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of public health emergencies in Haikou City from 2004 to 2020,so as to provide reference for formulating prevention and control strategies.Methods Through the national public health emergency monitoring network,we carried out data collection of public health emergencies in Haikou City from 2004 to 2020 and conducted descriptive statistical analysis.Results A total of 174 public health emergencies were reported in Haikou city from 2004 to 2020,with 5297 cases and the total attack rate of 0.74%,and the attack rate showed a downward trend(χ_(trend)^(2)=4307.85,P<0.001);a total of 11 people died,all due to chemical poisoning;the time distribution showed a bimodal pattern,with the peak in March-May and September;74.14%of the events occurred in the urban area;72.99%of the events occurred in schools and kindergartens;infectious events accounted for 78.16%,among which respiratory infectious diseases were the dominant ones(73.53%),followed by intestinal infectious diseases(20.59%)and insect-borne disease(5.88%);food-borne diseases accounted for 20.11%,among which bacterial food-borne diseases were the dominant ones(71.43%),followed by food-borne chemical poisoning(11.43%),phytotoxin poisoning(8.57%)and undetected pathogenic factors(8.57%);the attack rate of construction sites was higher(23.79%);the attack rate of other public health events was 6.70%,which was higher than that of infectious events and food-borne diseases;the longer the intervention time was,the higher the attack rate was(χ_(trend)^(2)=2233.61,P<0.001);the attack rate of cases with more than 14 cases at the time of reporting was higher(2.87%);the attack rate was higher when the event duration was less than or equal to 7.10 days(1.21%).Conclusion Infectious diseases and food-borne diseases are the main public health emergencies in Haikou.Strengthen the prevention and control of infectious diseases and food hygiene management in schools,kindergartens and construction sites,and make various preparations befor

关 键 词：突发公共卫生事件 流行特征 预防控制 海口 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]