基于FAE1和FAD2基因的油菜种子脂肪酸生物合成遗传调控  

Genetic Regulation of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Brassica napus Seeds Based on FAE1 and FAD2 Genes

作　　者：郎春秀[1] 王伏林[1] 刘仁虎[1] 郑滔[1] 胡张华[1] 吴学龙[1] 吴关庭[1] Lang Chunxiu;Wang Fulin;Liu Renhu;Zheng Tao;Hu Zhanghua;Wu Xuelong;Wu Guanting(Institute ofVirology and Biotechnology,Zhejiang Academy ofAgricultural Sciences,Hangzhou,310021)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院病毒学与生物技术研究所,杭州310021

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2021年第17期5688-5695,共8页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金重点项目(Z306077);浙江省重大科技专项重点农业项目(2006C12029)共同资助。

摘　　要：脂肪酸延伸酶1基因FAE1和Δ12-脂肪酸脱饱和酶基因FAD2是植物脂肪酸生物合成途径中的两个关键酶基因,在同一甘蓝型油菜品种CY2中对这两个关键酶基因进行单表达和双表达遗传调控获得五种不同类型的具有相同遗传背景的转基因株系。本研究分析比较了种植于相同环境条件下的五类转基因株系及野生型对照的种子脂肪酸组成和含油量,结果表明,两基因单独和双重调控可显著改变油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生烯酸和芥酸等多种脂肪酸含量,其中两个内源目标基因同时沉默种子中的油酸含量从20.5%提高到了82.8%,拟南芥FAE1基因籽粒特异表达种子中的芥酸含量由43.9%增加到了60.2%。与野生型对照相比,五类转基因种子中的十八碳不饱和脂肪酸相对比率和油酸脱饱和比例均发生了显著变化。此外,增强FAE1基因表达后种子含油量有所提高,而沉默两个目标基因的表达则使种子含油量降低,表明两个关键酶基因调控对油脂合成与积累也产生一定影响。Fatty acid elongase 1(FAE1)and delta-12 fatty acid desaturase 2(FAD2)are two key enzymes in plant fatty acid biosynthesis pathway.Five different types of transgenic lines with identical genetic background were developed by single-and double-expression regulation of the genes coding for these two key enzymes in the same Brassica napus variety CY2.Seeds of the five types of transgenic lines and the wild-type control,which were planted under the same environmental conditions,were analyzed and compared for fatty acid composition and oil content in the present study.The results showed that the contents of multiple fatty acids,such as oleic,linoleic,linolenic,eicosenoic and erucic acid,could be significantly altered by single and double regulation of the two genes.Particularly in the seeds in which the two endogenous target genes were simultaneously silenced,the oleic acid content was increased to 82.8%from 20.5%of CY2,and in the seeds with grain-specific expression of Arabidopsis thaliana FAE1 gene,the erucic acid content was raised to 60.2%from 43.9%of CY2.Compared with the wild-type control,the relative ratios of eighteen-carbon unsaturated fatty acids and the oleic desaturation proportion were all markedly changed in the five types of transgenic seeds.In addition,it was found that the seed oil con-tent was improved by enhanced expression of FAE1 and decreased by silencing of FAE1 and FAD2,suggesting that the synthesis and accumulation of seed oil would be influenced to a certain extent by genetic manipulation of the two key enzyme genes.

关 键 词：FAE1基因 FAD2基因 脂肪酸生物合成 遗传调控 油菜 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]