热电池复合阴极材料NiCl_(2)/NiF_(2)放电性能的研究  

Research on the Discharge Characteristics of NiCl_(2)/NiF_(2) Composite Cathode Materials in Thermal Batteries

作　　者：马士平 曹勇 张小强 魏开远 吴涛 王超[1] 崔艳华[1] MA Shiping;CAO Yong;ZHANG Xiaoqiang;WEI Kaiyuan;WU Tao;WANG Chao;CUI Yanhua(Institute of Electronic Engineering,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2021年第8期561-566,共6页Materials China

基　　金：NSAF联合基金项目(U1930208);中国工程物理研究院创新发展基金项目(CX20200009);国家自然科学基金项目(11804321)。

摘　　要：NiCl_(2)阴极材料具有高的理论放电电压和理论比能量,作为一种新型热电池阴极材料而被广泛研究。NiCl_(2)阴极材料在放电过程中会产生LiCl等物质,这将导致含LiCl的熔盐电解质出现成分偏析,并产生较大的极化阻抗,从而使NiCl_(2)阴极材料的放电性能明显下降。通过添加不同含量的NiF_(2)构建NiCl_(2)/NiF_(2)双活性复合阴极材料,能够抑制NiCl_(2)阴极材料在放电过程中造成的熔盐成分偏析。研究结果表明,当添加的NiF_(2)质量分数为30%时,在电流密度为100 mA·cm^(-2)下NiCl_(2)/NiF_(2)双活性复合阴极材料的放电比容量达到291.2 mAh·g^(-1),比能量密度达0.701 Wh·g^(-1)(截止电压≥2 V),比能量密度分别是NiCl_(2)和NiF_(2)阴极材料的1.67和2.11倍。NiCl_(2)has been widely studied as a new cathode material for thermal batteries due to its high theoretical discharge voltage and specific energy.However,LiCl generates during the discharge process of NiCl_(2)cathode,which results in composition segregation and larger polarization resistance of the molten salt electrolyte containing LiCl.It makes a significant reduction for the discharge performance of NiCl_(2)cathode.In this contribution,NiF_(2)was adopted as an additive to construct a NiCl_(2)/NiF_(2)dual active composite cathode in order to suppress the composition segregation of molten salt electrolyte during the discharge process.The research results show that when the content of NiF_(2)is 30wt%,the specific discharge capacity and specific energy density of NiCl_(2)/NiF_(2)composite cathode respectively reach 291.2 mAh·g^(-1)and 0.701 Wh·g^(-1)at the cut-off voltage over 2 V and the discharge current density of 100 mA·cm^(-2).The specific energy density of NiCl_(2)/NiF_(2)composite cathode is 1.67 and 2.11 times of NiCl_(2)and NiF_(2)cathode,respectively.

关 键 词：热电池 阴极材料 复合材料 NiCl_(2)/NiF_(2) 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]