高粱叶夹角突变体LA1的表型鉴定与遗传分析  

Phenotypic Identification and Genetic Analysis of Leaf Angle Mutant LA1 in Sorghum bicolor

作　　者：李金红[1] 董爽 李伟涵 张丽霞[1] 陆晓春[1] LI Jin-hong;DONG Shuang;LI Wei-han;ZHANG Li-xia;LU Xiao-chun(Institute of Sorghum Research,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China;College of Life Science and Bioengineering,Shenyang University,Shenyang 110003,China;College of Life Science,Shenyang Normal University,Shenyang 110034,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院高粱研究所,沈阳110161 [2]沈阳大学生命科学与工程学院,沈阳110003 [3]沈阳师范大学生命科学学院,沈阳110034

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2021年第4期460-466,共7页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：辽宁省农业科学院院长基金项目(1212203);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-06-13.5-A3);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1000701,2018YFD1000700)。

摘　　要：高粱叶夹角是指叶片与茎秆之间的夹角,高粱叶夹角大小直接影响叶面积指数,从而影响群体的光合效率,最终影响籽粒产量。适宜角度的叶夹角有利于塑造紧凑株型改善群体结构、提高光合效率和产量。利用甲基磺酸乙酯(ethylmethylsulfone,EMS)诱变高粱测序品种BTX623,获得一个能够稳定遗传的高粱叶夹角变小的突变体。该突变体在幼苗期未出现明显的变化,在拔节期开始出现叶夹角变小、并伴随叶耳(叶片与叶鞘相接处的耳状或镰刀状的延伸物)周长变小和叶片变窄变短等性状,观察拔节期倒4叶叶耳石蜡切片结果表明:突变体植株倒4叶叶耳细胞体积变大,细胞层数变少。该突变体暂被命名为LA1(leafangle1)。抽穗开花期,LA1的各节位叶夹角呈现先降低后增加的趋势,各节位的叶耳周长则呈现与叶夹角变化相反的趋势,说明该突变体植株的叶夹角大小与叶耳周长呈负相关且叶夹角的变化主要由叶耳周长变化引起的。遗传分析表明:LA1的叶夹角变小的性状受一对隐性核基因调控,突变基因定位于第1号染色体的z1s11e1和z1s11e14两个标记之间,其物理距离为70kb,该区间共包含12个注释基因,研究结果为LA1基因的克隆和解析高粱叶夹角形成的分子机制提供理论基础。Leaf Angle is the angle between the leaves and the stem in Sorghum bicolor.The Angle of leaves directly affects leaf area index,photosynthetic efficiency and grain yield.The suitable leaf angle is beneficial to build compact plant type,improve population structure,increase photosynthetic efficiency and yield.We obtained a leaf angle mutant and the mutant was stable inheritance by EMS(Ethylmethylsulfone)to induce sorghum BTX623.The mutant showed no significant change at seedling stage,but the leaf angle and auricle(ear-shaped or sickle-shaped extension at the junction of leaf and sheath)became smaller than WT at jointing stage,with leaf becoming narrower and shorter,etc.Paraffin section analysis showed that LA1 auricle cells of Top4(the 4th leaf from top)become bigger and increased and the number of cell layers is less than WT.The mutant was temporarily named LA1(leaf angle 1).The leaf angle at each blade section of LA1 firstly decreased and then increased at the heading and flowering stage,while auricle perimeter at each bade section showed an opposite trend,indicating that the leaf angle of this mutant was negatively correlated with the auricle perimeter and the change of leaf angle was mainly caused by the auricle perimeter changing.Genetic analysis showed that the trait of LA1 with smaller leaf angle was regulated by a pair of recessive nuclear genes,it was precisely located in the physical distance of 70kb between a z1S11E1 and Z1S11E14 on chromosome 1.This research provided a theoretical basis for cloning LA1 gene and analyzing the molecular mechanism of sorghum leaf angle formation.

关 键 词：高粱 突变体 叶夹角 基因定位 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]