葡萄霜霉病菌遗传多样性和致病力分化研究  

Genetic Diversity and Pathogencity Variation of Plasmopara Viticola

作　　者：贾姝[1] 于舒怡[2] 刘长远[2] 赵奎华[2] 王平[3] 赵达[4] JIA Shu;YU Shu-yi;LIU Chang-yuan;ZHAO Kui-hua;WANG Ping;ZHAO Da(Liaoning Proericultural Research Institute,Fengcheng Liaoning 118100,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China;Sorghum Research Institute,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China;Shenyang University,Shenyang 110044,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省蚕业科学研究所,辽宁凤城118100 [2]辽宁省农业科学院植物保护研究所,沈阳110161 [3]辽宁省农业科学院高粱研究所,沈阳110161 [4]沈阳大学,沈阳110044

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2021年第4期473-479,共7页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：沈阳市中青年科技创新人才支持计划项目(PC180113);公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201203035);辽宁省农业攻关及产业化项目(2018103003)。

摘　　要：葡萄霜霉病是葡萄生产中最为严重的病害,为明确我国不同地区葡萄霜霉病菌致病力及遗传多样性,采用叶盘接种法测定采自19个省(市)的69株葡萄霜霉病菌的致病力,并使用SRAP标记技术对其遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明:不同地区的菌株间存在一定致病力分化现象,供试的69株病原菌中55%属于弱致病力菌株,36%属于中等致病力菌株,经接种后,3个寄主品种病情指数范围为0.56~88.89。根据病原菌对不同寄主的致病力,将菌株划分为弱、中、强、最强致病力4类,东北、西南和西北地区的弱致病力菌株占总数比例58%以上,华北、华东和华中地区中等致病力菌株为优势病原群体,华北和华中地区未出现强致病力菌株。对供试的69株葡萄霜霉病菌进行遗传多样分析,分析结果表明:SRAP标记扩增共得到条带269条,其中多态性条带267条,多态性比率达99.19%。聚类分析结果表明:供试菌株之间存在遗传变异现象,在相似性系数0.622处,69个菌株被聚类为5个类群,但未发现遗传分化与地理分布具有明显相关性。通过对全国19个省(市)的葡萄霜霉病菌的致病性和遗传变异情况进行综合分析,发现葡萄霜霉病菌致病力与遗传变异之间的关系较为复杂,并不是互相对应的关系,有关葡萄霜霉病菌致病力与遗传分化之间的关系尚需进一步研究。Grape downy mildew is the most serious disease in grape production.In order to understand the genetic characteristics of grape downy mildew Plasmopara viticola in different regions of China,leaf disc inoculation and SRAP markers were used to analyze the pathogenicity differentiation and genetic diversity of grape downy mildew pathogens collected from 19 provinces(cities)in China.The results showed that there was pathogenicity differentiation among strains from different regions of China.Out of the 69 pathogens tested,55%were weakly pathogenic strains and 36%were moderately pathogenic strains.The disease index of the three host varieties ranged from 0.56 to 88.89.According to the pathogenicity differences of three different resistant hosts,the strains were divided into four categories:weak,medium,strong and strongest.Weak pathogenic strains in Northeast,Southwest and Northwest accounted for more than 58%of the total,while moderately pathogenic strains were dominant in North,East and Central China,and no strong pathogenicity strains were found in North and Central China.Based on the genetic diversity analysis of 69 strains of grape downy mildew,it was concluded that a total of 269 bands were obtained by SRAP markers,of which 267 were polymorphic,with a polymorphism rate of 99.19%.The results of SRAP cluster analysis showed that there was genetic variation among the tested strains.Sixty nine strains were clustered into 5 groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.622,but there was no significant correlation between genetic differentiation and geographical distribution.In this study,through a comprehensive analysis of the pathogenicity and genetic variation of grape downy mildew in 19 provinces(cities)in China,it was found that the relationship between pathogenicity and genetic variation of grape downy mildew was complex and not corresponding to each other.The relationship between pathogenicity and genetic differentiation of grape downy mildew needs to be further studied.

关 键 词：葡萄霜霉病菌 致病性分化 遗传多样性 SRAP标记技术 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]